Task №1: to decide a case study (a competence is knowledge, practical and legal skills)

The aim of the stage of hazard identification is establishment of possible threat for a health in the region of КOGCF from the educed chemicals taking into account their ability to harm to the organism.

The basic task of the stage is a choice of priority, indicatory chemicals, that allows with sufficient reliability to describe risk levels for the health of population and sources of their origin.

On the first stage with the purpose of exposure of chemicals potentially able to affect health of population, an analysis was conducted taking into account technological processes, the total volumes of extras are certain at volley and regular modes (т/year and g/с), sizes of extras of harmful substances.

According to the form of taking of inventory, the extras of contaminants from the enterprises of Karachaganak Oil and Gas Condensate Field come true by 272 sources among that 164 the organized point and 108 unorganized. All analysis is presented 44 contaminants, thrown out in atmospheric air (Table 1).

Consequently, on the stage of authentication of danger final judgement about priority of the selected substances is done after the preliminary calculation of the forecast levels of contamination by means of design of dispersion of components of extras.

 

Table 1 - List of the contaminants thrown out in an atmosphere on the prospect of development of enterprise

№	Name of substances	Code	Emissions т/year	TRCсс	Rfc	Sfi	HRI	HRIc	Range by HRI	Range by HRIс
45.	Sulphurs dioxide		9857, 425
46.	Carbon oxide		3069, 9791
47.	Nitrogen dioxide		2340, 841
48.	Hydrocarbons of С1-С5		1113, 5417
49.	Nitrogen oxide		403, 1997
50.	Hydrocarbons of С6-С10		381, 0103
51.	Hydrocarbons of С12-19		239, 9359
52.	Methane		125, 0303
53.	Soot		98, 5822
54.	Self-weighted substances		93, 3894
55.	Dust inorg.: SiO2 20-70%		69, 7955
56.	Dust inorg.: low than 20% SiO2		46, 137
57.	Sulphuretted hydrogen		31, 8639
58.	2, 2 '- Oxidediethanol(Diglycol)		9, 7559
59.	Oil mineral		6, 4986
60.	Three(2-гидроксиэтил) amine(Triethanolamine)		6, 4805
61.	Benzol		4, 5885
62.	Мethanol(Alcohol methyl)		3, 8111
63.	Xylol		3, 444
64.	Toluene		2, 8894
65.	2-Methylpropan-1-оl(Alcohol an isobutyl)		2, 4405
66.	Formaldehyde		2, 0394
67.	White-spirit		2, 0025
68.	Iron is oxides		1, 0931
69.	Merkaptan		0, 6154
70.	Muriatic acid		0, 6035
71.	Dust inorg.: SiO2 more than 70%		0, 542
72.	Methylmerkaptan		0, 5107
73.	Dicyclohexilamin badly liquid salt (Inhibitor of corrosion)		0, 4166
74.	Ethanthyol(Ethylmerkaptan)		0, 412
75.	Dimethyldisulfidum		0, 34
76.	Fluorine hydrogen		0, 229
77.	Propan-1-thyol(Пропилмеркаптан)		0, 1886
78.	Dust an abrasive(Corundum white; Monocorundum)		0, 0773
79.	Dust of the thinly ground up rubber vulcanizate from wastes of sole rubbers(THAT-17 RSFSR 03024 83-009-90)		0, 0651
80.	1-Butanthyol (Butylmerkaptan)		0, 0622
81.	Sulphuric acid		0, 042
82.	Manganese oxide		0, 038
83.	Alkylbenzenes on the basis of internal olein С11-14		0, 0359
84.	1-Penthantyol(Amylmerkaptan)		0, 0086
85.	Pentylens(amylens is mixture of isomers)		0, 0055
86.	Ftorid badly liquid.		0, 0026
87.	Benzopyren		0, 0002
88.	Ethylbenzol		0, 0001
	Total:

Questions:

· Define priority substances on volume of extras.

· Define carcinogenic substances.

· Expect individual carcinogenic risks.

· Expect the coefficients of danger.

· Range the substance by a danger.

· Define the orientation of action of every substance.

· Specify to the vagueness of the stage of authentication of danger.

· Will define the parameters of estimation of uncarcinogenic risks;

· Will define individual risks;

· Describe possible unfavorable effects for a health from influence of non-carcinogenic pollutants;

· Describe possible unfavorable effects for a health from influence of carcinogenic pollutants;

· Give the analysis of vagueness on the stage of estimation of dependence " dose/concentration - response".

· Describe the zone of influence;

· Will define the ways of distribution of chemicals in an environment and their affecting man;

· Will define the degree of influence (quantitative characterization of exposure);

· Expect an exposure and dose;

· Give the analysis of uncertainties on the stage of exposure.

· Give the characterization to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks;

· Give analysis to uncertainties.

Task №2: To decide a case study (a competence is knowledge, practical and legal skills)

 

In the region of nuclear test base area " Azgyr" the basic source of drinkable water-supply are mine wells. In connection for the estimation of risk it is necessary to conduct hazard identification from next data.

 

Table 2. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of water mine wells in the region of nuclear test base area " Azgyr"

 

№	Name of substance	Code	Concentration	TRC	Rfd (referent dose)	Sfo (factor of carcinogenic potential) HR	HQ (non-carcin. risk)	LADD (carc. risk)
16.	Iron		0, 34	0, 3
17.	Copper		0, 09	1, 0
18.	Nickel		0, 00025	0, 1
19.	Zinc		0, 12	5, 0
20.	Manganese		0, 0002	0, 1
21.	Cobalt		0, 0012	0, 1
22.	Mercury		0, 0003	0, 0003
23.	Cadmium		0, 009	0, 001
24.	Lead		0, 19	0, 03
25.	Ammonia		0, 6
26.	Nitrites		0, 5	0, 002
27.	Nitrates		1, 2
28.	Calcium		200, 4	75-200
29.	Magnesium		136, 6
30.	Fluorine		1, 5	0, 7-1, 5

 

Questions:

· Define priority substances on volume of emissions.

· Define carcinogenic substances.

· Expect individual carcinogenic risks.

· Expect the coefficients of danger.

· Range the substance on a danger.

· Define the orientation of action of every substance.

· Specify to the uncertainties the stage of hazard identification.

· Will define the parameters of estimation of non-carcinogenic risks;

· Will define individual risks;

· Describe possible unfavorable effects for a health from influence of non-carcinogenic pollutants;

· Describe possible unfavorable effects for a health from influence of carcinogenic pollutants;

· Give the analysis of vagueness on the stage of estimation of dependence " dose/concentration - response".

· Describe the zone of influence;

· Will define the ways of distribution of chemicals in an environment and their affecting man;

· Will define the degree of influence (quantitative characterization of exposure);

· Expect an exposure and dose;

· Give the analysis of uncertainties on the stage of exposure.

· Give the characterization to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks;

· Give analysis to uncertainties.

 

Questions for examination

1. Concept of environment;
2. Basic objects of environment;
3. Factors of environment;
4. Basic indexes of health of population;
5. Information generators about the harmful action of analysable compounds.
6. Forming of list of priority substances.
7. Information about the potential pollutants of sources of water

8. Information about possible contaminations of drinking-water.
9. Analysis of possible contamination of soil.
10. System of the permanent watching a nutriture.
11. Methods of collection and analysis of data on demographic indicators.
12. Methods of collection and analysis of data on the indexes of morbidity.
13. Concept about the socially-hygienical monitoring.
14. Concept about methodology of risk estimation.
15. Advantages of methodology of risk estimation.
16. Stages of risk estimation and their short

17. Determination of danger.
18. Classes of danger of substances.
19. Stage of authentication of danger.
20. Скрининговая estimation.
21. Necessary information for realization of authentication of danger.
22. Reviewer levels of influence.
23. Concept about critical organs/systems and harmful effects
24. Parameters for the estimation of uncarcinogenic risk.
25. Additional(attributive) risk,
26. Relative risk,
27. Additional population risk,
28. Additional stake of population risk.
29. Parameters for the estimation of carcinogenic risk.
30. Choice of parameters of dependence a " dose is an answer" for the estimation of risk.
31. Maximum-possible concentration.
32. Reviewer dose.
33. Reviewer concentration.
34. Classification of the International agency on the study of chasse.
35. Classification of degree of well-proven of cancerogenicity for a man U.S. EPA.
36. Factors of carcinogenic potential for peroral and inhalation ways of receipt.
37. Single risk at inhalation influence.
38. Coefficient of danger.
39. Methods

40. Estimation of display, determination and basic concepts.
41. The first stage of estimation of display is characterization of zone of influence
42. The second stage of estimation of display is ways of distribution of chemicals in an environment and their affecting man.
43. The third stage of estimation of display is determination of degree of influence (quantitative characterization of display);.
44. Monitoring of objects of environment.
45. A design of distribution of chemicals is in an environment.
46. Characterization of concentrations is in the point of influence.
47. Display and dose.
48. Calculation of daily allowance doses.
49. to the vagueness on the stage of estimation of display.
50. Order of the use of basic data for the calculation of display from contaminants in food products.

51. Data about maintenance of contaminants in food foods.
52. Data about the consumption of food foods a population.
53. Stages of estimation of display with contaminants of food foods.
54. Rules of selection of mean values and median of maintenance of contaminants are in food foods

55. Calculation of display of contaminants of food foods on a population.
56. Contribution of product to the common value of display of contaminants.
57. Estimation of results of calculation of display chemical contaminants of food foods on a population.
58. Generals of risk characterization;
59. Acceptable and unacceptable риски;
60. Estimation of risk of carcinogenic effects;
61. Estimation of risk of uncarcinogenic effects at sharp and chronic;
62. Risk estimation at different medias, combined and complex influences;
63. Classification of risk levels;
64. Generalization of information about risk;
65. Factors influencing on reliability of estimations

List of practical skills

- forming of skills on an exposure is potential dangerous factors;

- forming of skills as evaluated by ability of factors to cause harmful effects to a man;

- forming of skills on the selection of priority factors for subsequent researches.

- it is forming of skills on application of reviewer levels of influence;

- it is forming of skills for the analysis of uncertainties on the stage of estimation of dependence " dose/concentration-response"

- it is forming of skills upon settlement of exposure and dose.

- it is forming of skills upon settlement of risk characterization.

 

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