EXERCISE 13 Find the definitions to the key words, using the information from the text and translate them into Russian. There is one extra definition.

The definitions:

A) a rotary tool that is hung from the rotary hook and the traveling block to suspend the drill stem and to permit it to rotate freely.

B) a heavy coupling element for drill pipe.

C) the heavy steel tubular device suspended from the swivel through the rotary table and connected to the top joint of drill pipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table turns.

D) a flexible tube for conveying liquids or gases under pressure

E) the principal component of a rotary, or rotary machine, used to turn the drill stem and support the drilling assembly.

F) a device similar to a power swivel that is used in place of the rotary table to turn the drill stem.

G) seamless steel or aluminum pipe made up in the drill stem between the kelly or top drive on the surface and the drill collars on the bottom.

H) all members in the assembly used for rotary drilling from the swivel to the bit.

I) the column of drill pipe with attached tool joints that transmits fluid and rotational power from the kelly to the drill collars and the bit.

J) a special device placed around the kelly that mates with the kelly flats and fits into the master bushing of the rotary table.

K) a heavy, thick-walled tube, usually steel, placed between the drill pipe and the bit in the drill stem.

L) the cutting or boring element used for drilling

The key words:

1. drill bit

2. swivel

3. drill collar

4. rotary table

5. drill string

6. hose

7. kelly bushing

8. kelly

9. drill stem

10. top drive

11. drill pipe

EXERCISE 14 Read and translate the text " Circulating System", using the words after the text.

Circulating System

Mud circulates through many pieces of equipment, including the mud pump, the discharge line, the standpipe, the rotary hose, the swivel, the kelly (or the top drive), the drill pipe, the drill collars, the drill bit, the annulus, the return line, the shale shaker, the desilter, the desander, the mud pits, and the suction line.

The mud pump draws in mud through a suction line from the mud pits, or tanks, and sends it out a discharge line. From the discharge line, the mud goes into the standpipe. The standpipe runs vertically up one leg of the derrick. Mud exits the standpipe into a strong, flexible, and reinforced rubber hose called the rotary hose, or kelly hose. The rotary hose joins the swivel at the gooseneck. The mud then flows down the kelly (or through the top drive), drill pipe, and drill collars. It jets out of the bit nozzles and moves cuttings away from the bit. The mud and cuttings then head up the hole in the annulus. The annulus, or annular space, is the area between the drill string and the wall of the hole.

The mud leaves the annulus through a steel pipe called the mud return line. It falls over a vibrating screen, the shale shaker. The shaker screens out the larger cuttings and, in some cases, dump them into the reserve pit. Offshore and in environmentally sensitive areas, however, the shaker dumps the cuttings into a receptacle. Later, the contractor removes the receptacle, washes the cuttings if required, and properly disposes of them. In either case, the clean mud drains back into the mud tanks. The pump then recycles it back down the hole. The mud pump recirculates the mud over and over throughout the drilling of the well. From time to time, the derrickhand adds water, clay, and other materials to make up for downhole losses. This crew member also adjusts the mud's properties as the borehole encounters new and different formations.

The words to be memorized:

annulus – кольцеобразный зазор

bulk storage – хранение в резервуаре

discharge line – напорный трубопровод, нагнетательный трубопровод

mud pit – отстойник, амбар для хранения бурового раствора

return line – возвратная линия, канат

rotary hose – нагнетательный шланг роторной буровой установки,

соединяющий стояк с вертлюгом

standpipe – водозаборная колонна

suction line – приёмная линия (насоса),

всасывающий трубопровод (бурового насоса),

впускной трубопровод

EXERCISE 15 Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones with the right information and discuss your answers with a partner.

1. Mud is drained into the mud tanks._______

2.The mud properties are changed according to various formation._______

3. Shaker screens always dump the cuttings into the reserve pits.______

4. Having flowed through the swivel, mud flows down the top drive.______

5. Mud is circulated during the drilling of the well._______

EXERCISE 16 Read and translate the texts, using the words after the text.

Text 1

EMERGENCY SHUT DOWN SYSTEMS

Emergency Shut Down (ESD) systems are control systems used to safely shut down and isolate equipment at production facilities in the event of abnormal condition occurs which could damage the equipment or pose a hazard to operations personnel or the public. All field operations personnel should have a clear understanding of the function and operation of the ESD systems for the facilities they operate. They must know what control point activates the ESD and take action to maintain conditions within the control limits. They also must know how to reset the ESD devices in the event of a shut down and the procedures necessary to restart the equipment and re-arm the ESD system.

ESD systems can be as simple as a pressure-sensing device which trips a valve on the flow line from a well closed in the event of a high or low pressure in a pipeline or separator. It may also be as complicated as one which monitors various points in a production facility such as vessel pressures, levels, temperatures and flows, and activates isolation valves, stops pumps or compressors, heaters and so on, if any of the many points exceed the designed conditions. ESD systems can be designed only to shut down and isolate equipment, or activate valves that isolate equipment and depressure it to flare. No matter what the ESD system is designed to do, under no circumstances should any of the control points of the system be bypassed or tampered with.

If there are problems that must be corrected within the system, a review of this process should be made to ensure the suggested changes will not create hazards. Only then should the necessary changes be implemented. Too often, personnel bypass parts of the ESD system in an effort to overcome a perceived minor problem and forget about the change. Then an occasion arises where the ESD system should function but cannot and a catastrophic failure occurs resulting in loss of production, damage to equipment, injury and loss of life.

ESD systems are designed to provide a final safety back up in case something goes wrong and should not be made inoperative for any reason.

Text 2

WELLHEAD

The wellhead is the equipment used to maintain surface control of the well. It is usually made of steel, cast or forged, and machined to a close fit; and forms a seal to pre-vent well fluids from blowing or leaking at the surface. It is sometimes made up of many heavy fittings with certain parts of the wellhead designed to hold very high pressures. Other wellheads maybe just a simple assembly to support the weight of the tubing in the well, and may not be built to hold pressure.

The kind of head and configuration to be used is determined by well conditions. The high pressure wellhead is required where formation pressures are extremely high. High pressures found in some fields require the use of a heavy wellhead. In the fields where production and pressures are very low, the simple wellhead may be used if only small amounts of gas are produced with the oil.

The wellhead is formed of combinations of parts called the casing head, tubing head, X-mas tree and pressure gauges.

The words to be memorized:

1. Back pressure valve – обратный клапан;

2. Control point – контрольная точка;

3. Emergency shut down system – система аварийного отключения;

4. Floatcollar – муфта обсадной трубы с обратным клапаном;

5. Flow string – лифтовая колонна;

6. Guide shoe – направляющий башмак;

7. Heater – нагреватель;

8. Landing nipple – посадочный ниппель;

9. Perforate – перфорировать;

10. Pressure-sensing device – сенсор давления;

11. Reservoir pressure – пластовое давление;

12. Electrical submersible pump – электрический погружной насос

13. Tamper – трогать, портить.

14. Tamper Artificial lift – механизированная добыча;

15. Tubingless completion –заканчивание скважины без использования лифтовой колонны;

16. Valve – клапан; вентиль; золотник; затвор

EXERCISE 17 Answer questions about the texts.

1. What are emergency shutdown systems used for?

2. What must field personnel know about ESD systems?

3. Give examples of ESD systems.

4. What are the main purposes of ESD systems?

5. In which cases is it admissible to bypass ESD systems?

6. What must be done in case there are problems with ESD systems?

7. What can ESD system bypassing result in?

8. When are ESD systems used?

9. What is the wellhead?

10.What is the wellhead made?

11.Name the components of the wellhead

EXERCISE 18 Insert the omitted word from the text

1. ESD systems can be as simple as a __________ device which trips a valve on the flow line from a well closed in the event of a high or low pressure in a pipeline or separator.

2. The __________ wellhead is required where formation pressures are extremely high.

3. It is usually made of steel, cast or forged, and machined to a close fit; and forms a seal to pre-vent well __________ from blowing or leaking at the surface.

4. No matter what the ESD system is designed to do, under no circumstances should any of the __________ of the system be bypassed or tampered with.

5. It is sometimes made up of many heavy __________ with certain parts of the wellhead designed to hold very high pressures.

6. ESD systems can be designed only to shut down and isolate equipment, or activate __________ that isolate equipment and depressure it to flare.

7. The wellhead is formed of combinations of parts called the casing head, __________, X-mas tree and pressure gauges.

Fluids, tubing head, valves, pressure-sensing, high pressure, fittings, control points.

EXERCISE 19 Give the Russian equivalents to the following word combinations.

1. Pump

2. Isolation

3. Control limit

4. High pressure

5. Valve

6. Pressure-sensing

7. Fittings

8. Control points

9. Pressures gauges

⇐ Предыдущая 5 6 7 8 91011 12 13 14 Следующая ⇒