EXERCISE 2 Fill in the gaps with the word(s) from the list below. Explonation to these terms are given in the brackets. Translate them into Russian.

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1. The accident took place because of the absence of _________________ and other necessary equipment at the workplace ( safety line ).

2. At the beginning of field development an oil company should assess the possible _________ to the environment (influence ).

3. To prevent accidents from occurring again it is necessary to investigate not only incidents, but also __________ ( an accident that nearly happens).

4. Before starting oil exploration a company should perform ____________ including identification of risks and hazards as well as the ways of removing them ( defining risks out of the work ).

5. The personnel of our company is specially trained in safety method of work ___________ ( doing, fulfillment ).

6. The drivers are required to hold the ____________ driving licences ( proper, relevant ).

7. Labour protection includes application of ___________ in the process of operation ( safety clothes and footwear ).

EXERCISE 3 Match the problems with the ways of their solutions. Translate them.

The problems:

1. The employee was found drunkard on the company location

2. Great damage is done to landscape of the area in the process of field development

3. The operator collapses in the process of pumping fluid

4. The accident happened because the driver was distracted by mobile phone call

5. The crewmember can fall from the platform at 2 meter height

The ways of the problems’ solutions:

1. Mobile phones are not to be used when vehicle is on motion.

2. The employee should contribute to medical treatment.

3. The company will remediate the impact to the environment.

4. A preventer shall be used that can bear the weight of at least 700 kg per person attached.

5. The personnel should wear PPE.

EXERCISE 4 Match the key - words with the definitions and translate them into Russian.

key – words:

1. Fire extinguisher

2. Personal protective equipment

3. Seat belts

4. Ear-protector

5. Preventer

6. Respirator

Definitions:

A. a special rope intended for working at height

B. straps in a car to prevent passengers from falling out of it

C. a special tool for extinguishing fire

D. a means of protecting ears from laud noises

E. a means of protecting breathing organs from inhaling harmful gases

F. safety tools given for every worker

EXERCISE 5 Read the text below and m atch the safety rules to its explanation in the text.

The safety rules:

· Driving safety

· Confined space entry

· Lifting operations

· Energy isolation

· Management of change (MOC)

· Permit to work

· Working at heights

· Ground disturbance

BP's 8 golden rules of safety

1.________________________: Before conducting work that involves confined space entry, work on energy system, ground disturbance or hot work in potentially explosive environments, a permit must be obtained. This should be authorized by a responsible person; it should also identify hazards, assess risk and establish control measures.

2. _________________________: Working at heights of two meters or higher above the ground cannot begin unless the workers are competent to do this work, and the correct equipment is in place and has been inspected.

3. ___________________________: An isolation of energy systems, mechanical, electrical, process, hydraulic and others, cannot proceed unless the method and discharge of stored energy arc agreed and executed by a competent person. They should also lest that the isolation is effective and continue to monitor effectiveness periodically.

4. __________________: Entry into any confined space cannot proceed unless all other options have been ruled out and the area has been tested for safety. All affected personnel, including a stand-by person, should be competent and issued with a permit.

5. ____________________: Lift utilizing cranes, hoists, or other mechanical lifting devices will not commence unless an assessment of the lift has been completed. The equipment must be certified for use and examined before each lift. The operators must be trained, and the rigging of the load must be done by a competent person.

6. _____________________: Work arising from temporary and permanent changes to organization, personnel, system, process, procedures, equipment, products, materials or substances, and laws and regulations cannot proceed unless a Management of change process is completed. This should include a risk assessment conducted by all affected by the changes, authorization of the changes and a clear work plan for the changes.

7. ______________________: All categories of vehicle? Including self – propelled mobile plant, must not be operated unless the vehicle has been inspected.

EXERCISE 6 Read and translate the text " Sour gas", using the words after the text.

SOUR GAS

You can expect to find Н₂S anywhere in oil and gas industry. This means you can find Н₂S in: wellheads, piping systems, vessels, pipelines, tanks, production facilities, pits and low spots, confined or enclosed spaces, shacks or buildings, sour spills.

You must be cautious when dealing with any confined space. When you enter a confined space, there is always possibility that Н₂S may be present. The two main things to watch out for are scale and liquids. If you agitate liquids in a tank, they may relieve any Н₂S they contain. The removal of scale by steam, chemicals or grinding may also cause the release of any Н₂S in the scale.

Н₂S may be dissolved in liquids and then be released if agitated, depressurized or heated. This means that gas in the liquids is released when they are circulated, pumped, flowed or swabbed into tanks. That is another reason why you would expect to find Н₂S at the top of open tanks, gauge hatches and vent lines.

If you are near an oil and gas facility, check the wind direction by looking at the windsocks, weather vanes, tape, trees and so on. If Н₂S is present, it will move downwind.Staying upwind of the facility in the event of a leak should help to keep you out of danger.

Н₂S is heavier than air. This means the gas may collect in low-lying areas or be trapped by buildings, natural barriers or other confined spaces. In the event of a leak, go to high ground upwind from the source of Н₂S. If downwind, head in a direction that takes you crosswind.

The words to be memorized:

1. Sour gas – сероводород (Н₂S)

2. windsock – ветровой конус

3. confined space – замкнутое пространство

4.weathervane – флюгер

5.manifold – трубопровод, коллектор

6. personalmonitor – персональный детектор

7. safetymeeting – собрание по ТБ

8. airhose – воздушный шланг

9. killedlines – обесточенные линии

10. tooljoint – бурильный замок

11. safetyman – инженер по ТБ

12. alarmsystem – система сигнализации

13. emergencyshutdownsystem – система аварийного отключения оборудования

14. coveralls – комбинезон

15. filteringmask – противогаз

16. flammableandcombustiblematerials – огнеопасные и горючие материалы

17. hardhat – каска

18. hazardousindustrialfacilities – опасные производственные объекты

19. majorspill – крупный разлив

20. personal protective equipment –средства индивидуальной защиты.

EXERCISE 7 Answer the following questions.

1. Where can you expect to find Н₂S?

2. What may happen if you enter a confined space?

3. May Н₂S be dissolved in liquids?

4. What should you do if you are near an oil and gas facility?

5. What may help to keep you out of danger if Н₂S is present?

6. Is Н₂S heavier or lighter than air?

EXERCISE 8 Describe which mistakes were made by personnel in the following situations.

TEXT 1

ACID TREATMENT

Dog house – балок, бытовка

An acid pumper arrives to a remote location to perform an acid wash and squeeze. The well is known to have a concentration of 20 000 ppm Н₂S. There is a service rig on location with a five man crew, an air trailer with a safety operator, one customer representative, one tank trunk operator, and a three man acidizing crew. The pumper is spotted upwind of the wellhead, 25 meters from the rig tank. A Kelly hose is run from the rig pump to the pumper unit. The pumper unit is rigged into a manifold to allow the pumping of fluid to either the tubing or casing.

The safety operator has a portable Н₂S monitor on site with sensors located at the rig tank and wellhead. There are SCBA units located in the safe area. The day before the alarms had sounded at the rig tank when the well was being circulated. The safety operator checks over the rig with a personal monitor before the safety meeting and finds no Н₂S. He feels there is no need to supply the pumper operator with a SABA and air hose.

During the safety meeting, the dangers of Н₂S are discussed and emergency procedures are reviewed. The pumper and rig pump operators get their units ready to transfer fluid from the rig tank. The rest of the personnel meet in the rig shack for coffee.

The rig pump operator starts to pump fluid from the rig tank to the pumper. The pumper operator looks in the tank to check the level and collapses on the far side of the truck. The rig pump operator does not see the operator fall and continues to pump. The supervisor comes out of the doghouse and sees his operator down and runs toward the pumper. The supervisor goes down as he reaches the unit. The rig pump operator sees the supervisor go down and stops pumping. The portable monitor at the wellhead then goes off.

TEXT 2

WELL SERVICE

A rig crew and air trailer attendant arrives to a location at the same time to start the day. The air trailer attendant unlocks the trailer and proceeds to stretch out the air lines. The rig crew goes into the doghouse to change their clothes.

One man, however, decides to check the shut-in tubing and casing pressure before changing his clothes. Once he records the pressure, he decides to bleed off pressure to an open tank. The return and kill lines had been drained the night before and not reconnected. The build-up pressure is released to the atmosphere. Approximately 2000 ppm of Н₂S is released to the atmosphere. It migrates downwind directly into the path of the air trailer attendant. He is instantly overcome and collapses near the end of the catwalk.

The second crewman sees the air trailer attendant slump to the ground. He rushes over to assist and is also knocked down. The first crewmember realizes what is happening and shuts the wellhead valve.

TEXT 3

DRILLING RIG

A rig crew was pulling a wet test. The crewmembers were all masked up. A safety supervisor, also masked up, was testing the floor area with a detector tube device. Several wet stands were pulled, and no Н₂S had been detected. The safety supervisor suggested the crew take off their masks, as they were tiring quickly. The situation was discussed with the rig manager and the well site representative. All agreed the crew should take off their masks. The safety supervisor would remain masked up and would continue testing.

The crew went back onto the floor without masks. A stand was pulled and the tool joint broken. The mudcan was put on, and the crew left the floor. The driller picked up on the stand and the mud drained. The safety supervisor opened the mudcan and tested. No Н₂S was detected. The crew was called back on the floor to hoist another stand. As they were about to hook on the elevators, a small mud burp was observed. The safety supervisor told the crew to leave the floor and he began to test.

Three of the crewmembers were going into the doghouse when the first one went down. Two more went down on top of him. The well was immediately shut in. The three crewmembers were revived shortly afterwards and taken to hospital. The safety supervisor detected 32% Н₂S.

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