EXERCISE 9 Decide whether the statements are true or false. Correct them if necessary.

1. Oil spill response operations on soils include spill identification, containment and cleanup.

2. Adsorbents facilitate oil degradation and neutralization.

3. In order to reduce harmful releases gas is burnt in flares.

4. The main difference between industrial safety and labor protection is that industrial safety deals with safety issues and labor protection deals with security.

5. By severity injuries can be classified as micro traumas, light and serious injuries and fatalities.

6. Incident investigations primarily performed to identify the guilty persons in order to punish them and thus to prevent the incident recurrence.

7. Improper handling of hazardous materials may result in health damage, injuries and even fatalities.

8. Contamination sources can be classified as point sources (wells, pits), linear sources (pipelines) and areal sources (oil fields).

9. Detergents are bacteria used for microbiological oil degradation.

10. Remediation is performed to remove effects of adverse impacts of man-caused factors on soil vegetation cover.

 

EXERCISE 10 Connect the terms with their definitions.

1. hazard	1. an unexpected event that results in physical harm or damage to property
2. risk	2. damage to the body. Commonly as a result of an incident
3. waste disposal	3. key causes of an incident
4. minor injury	4. the general state of harm caused by the effects on the body of a toxic substance
5. workplace certification	5. likelihood or probability that the harm from a particular hazard will be realized
6. intoxication	6. an unexpected event that results in physical harm or damage to property
7. injury	7. something with a potential to cause harm
8. root causes	8. storage and landfill of wastes
9. incident	9. a small injury, like finger cut, that does not result in lost time
10. accident	10. inspection of workplace to identify if it is in compliance with safety regulations

 

EXERCISE 11 Translate from English into Russian.

1. Key contaminants of the environment in the process of oil production are crude oil and oil products, sulfurous gases and hydrogen sulfide containing gases, formation waters and wastewaters, oil sludge and chemicals.

2. Water treatment facilities include wastewater gathering and treatment, control over treatment quality and discharge of treated waters.

3. Physico-chemical methods of oil contamination cleanup include application of adsorbents, capable to adsorb oil well and remain on water surface after adsorption.

4. Collected with pump and vacuum trucks crude oil is subject to processing or neutralization and disposal.

5. Wastes are divided into liquid (used and contaminated process fluids, domestic and industrial wastewaters) and solid (solid domestic wastes, drilling cuttings, construction garbage, scrap metal) wastes.

6. A standard set of safety clothes includes a working coveralls or a suit, safety footwear with steel toes, gloves or mitts, warm clothes for protection against cold weather and of fire resistant or inherent fire resistant materials.

7. Concentration of a toxic substance in the air, at which no changes occur in a human body even in case of prolonged exposure to that substance, is called maximum permissible concentration.

8. Incident investigation is performed to identify immediate and system (root) causes and undertake corrective actions in order to prevent recurrence of such incidents.

9. Risk assessment must be conducted and a work-permit obtained prior to implementation of a high risk production task or operation.

10. Key air contaminants in oil and gas industry include vehicles (greenhouse gases), and also atmospheric releases during gas flaring.

 

EXERCISE 12 Translate from Russian into English.

1. Сульфид водорода является высокотоксичным бесцветным газом, тяжелее воздуха, с запахом тухлых яиц, который парализует дыхательную систему и приводит к летальному исходу за считанные минуты.

2. Промышленная безопасность – это система обеспечения безопасной работы производственного оборудования и опасных производственных объектов.

3. Экологическая безопасность подразделяется на охрану недр и охрану окружающей среды, которая включает охрану водных ресурсов, охрану земельных ресурсов и охрану воздушной среды.

4. Методы защиты и восстановления нарушенных и загрязнённых земель включают уборку замазученности, управление отходами и рекультивацию земель.

5. Управление отходами – это комплекс мероприятий, направленных на снижение объёмов отходов, их хранение, вывоз, переработку или утилизацию на полигонах захоронения.

6. Под рекультивацией понимают комплекс мероприятий, направленных на восстановление первоначальных свойств почв, нарушенных или загрязнённых в процессе разработки нефтегазовых месторождений.

7. Сероводород, углеводород и сернистый ангидрид являются наиболее характерными компонентами для нефтедобывающих объектов и преобладают по токсикологическому воздействию и объёмам.

8. Система управления промышленной безопасности включает предотвращение и ликвидацию аварий, извлечение уроков из происшествий и подготовку отчётности.

9. Операции повышенного риска включают работы с электрооборудованием, огневые работы, земельные работы, работы в замкнутом пространстве, работы на высоте, грузоподъёмные операции, управление транспортными средствами, работы с пожароопасными, взрывоопасными и токсичными материалами.

10. Средства индивидуальной защиты включают ушные вкладыши, наушники, респираторы, противогазы, дыхательные аппараты, очки безопасности, лицевые щитки, каску и другое оборудование.

 

EXERCISE 13 Make up your own sentences using the following word combinations:

Equipment failure, emergency rescue team, gas contamination, hot job, multiple injuries, releases, self-contained breathing apparatus, waste disposal site, work at height, oil sludge, maximum permissible concentration.

 

EXERCISE 14 Find Russian equivalents for the given English ones.

1. natural disaster	1. сжатый газ
2. gas flaring	2. негативное воздействие
3. compressed gas	3. ушные вкладыши
4.buddy system	4. наряд-допуск
5. adverse impact	5. стихийное бедствие
6.occupational disease	6. система взаимного наблюдения друг за другом при работе
7.work permit	7. сжигание газа на факеле
8.ear-plugs	8. профессиональное заболевание

 

EXERCISE 15 Make up your own topic “Health, safety, environment” and be ready to retell it and discuss with your group mates.

CHAPTER V

INTERNATIONAL OIL AND GAS RESERVE AUDIT. RISK ANALYSIS OFEXPLORATION OPERATIONS. FAIR MARKET VALUE OF OIL AND GAS OBJECTS.

EXERCISE 1 Read and translate the first text, using the words after the text.

TEXT 1

The estimation of Fair Market Value (FMV) begins with the collection and review of available data. The evaluators are concerned with the type, quantity, and quality of data available because these characteristics determine the valuation approach employed and provide a basis for establishing confidence in the value obtained through the evaluation process. After the data have been collected and examined, a method to estimate FMV must be selected. There are two commonly accepted methods for FMV estimation: the comparable sales approach and the income approach.

The comparable sales approach is a valuation procedure in which the prices paid in prior transactions of similar oil and gas rights or properties are used to value the rights or property to be disposed of through leasing, exchange, or other means. This procedure generally is preferred to income procedures, if prior sales data are available, since it is thought that prices paid in prior transactions of similar oil and gas properties provide the best indication of value. However, in developed oil and gas areas, where tracts tend to be unique and information good, the income approach described below is often used instead. In comparable sales, similar oil and gas rights or properties are those of similar geologic, engineering, and oil or gas marketing prospects. These characteristics are usually heavily dependent on time and geographic proximity.

The income approach is the alternative approach to the comparable sales approach, and it involves the estimation of annual net income from the expected annual costs and revenues associated with the development of the oil and gas rights or property under realistic conditions. Annual net cash income from the difference between expected annual revenues and costs are discounted to their present value. Thus, the rights or property`s net income potential, discounted to the present, provides an estimate of current tract sale value if similar tract sales data are not available.

The words to be memorized:

1. Fair market value – справедливая рыночная стоимость

2. net pay – эффективная нефтенасыщенная толщина

3. cash flow – поток наличных средств

4. development risk analysis – анализ рисков разработки нефтегазовых месторождений

5. net revenue – чистый доход

6. oil and gas properties (assets) – нефтегазовые объекты

7. producing reserves – разрабатываемые запасы

8. recovery factor – коэффициент нефтеотдачи

9. reserve estimator – эксперт по оценке запасов

10. US Security and Exchange Commission, SEC – комиссия по ценным бумагам и биржам США.

 

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1. EXERCISE 12 Insert the omitted words from the text
2. EXERCISE 13 Find the definitions to the key words, using the information from the text and translate them into Russian. There is one extra definition.
3. EXERCISE 13 Give the Russian equivalents to the following words.
4. EXERCISE 2 Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the correct prepositions and translate them.
5. EXERCISE 2 Fill in the gaps with the word(s) from the list below. Explonation to these terms are given in the brackets. Translate them into Russian.
6. EXERCISE 2 Find the definitions to the key words, using the information after the text and translate them into Russian.
7. EXERCISE 2 Match the Russian equivalents to the following English words and word-combinations.
8. EXERCISE 2 Translate the following sentences from Russian into English in writing.
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10. EXERCISE 23 Answer questions about the text.
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