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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
EXERCISE 4 Complete the sentences.
1.The fluid circulating system removes… 2.Solids from the mud are removed… 3.The drilling mud consists of… 4.Excess volume of mud is stored… 5.The surge chamber contains… 6.Dry mud additives are stored… 7.A pump manifold is located… 8.The Kelly is… 9.The standpipe and the rotary hose provide… 10. Rollerbearingsupport… EXERCISE 5 Translate the sentences from Russian into English. 1.Буровой раствор состоит из глины, некоторых других добавок и воды. 2.Система циркуляции удаляет частицы выбуренной породы из ствола скважины. 3.Буровой раствор хранится в емкостях. 4.Специальное оборудование удаляет загрязняющие примеси из раствора. 5.Буровые насосы соединены с бурильными колоннами. 6.Стояк и нагнетательный шланг обеспечивают подвижное соединение с колоннами. 7.Ведущая труба – это труба, прямоугольная или шестиугольная в сечении. 8.Вибросито – это устройство для механического удаления твердых примесей. 9.Сухие присадки вносятся в приемный резервуар через смесительную воронку. 10. Оборудование для удаления примесей включает вибросита, гидроциклоны и фильтрующие центрифуги. EXERCISE 6 Retell the text and discuss in dialogs with your group mates this theme. EXERCISE 7 Prepare a presentation about the fluid-circulating system. CHAPTER IV THE ROTARY SYSTEM EXERCISE 1 Read and translate the text, using the words after the text. The rotary system includes all of the equipment used to achieve bit rotation. The main parts of the rotary system are the swivel, the kelly, the rotary drive, the rotary table, the drill pipe and drill collars. The swivel supports the weight of the drill string and permits rotation. The bail of the swivel is attached to the hook of the transmitting block, and the goose neck of the swivel provides a downward-pointing connection for the rotary hose. Swivels are rated according to their load capacities. The kelly is the first section of pipe below the swivel. The outside cross-section of the kelly is square or hexagonal to permit it to be gripped easily for turning. Torque is transmitted to the kelly through kelly bushings, which fit inside the master bushing of the rotary table. The kelly must be kept as straight as possible. Rotation of a crooked kelly causes a whipping motion that results in unnecessary wear on the crown block and other equipment. The opening in the rotary table that accepts the kelly bushings must be large enough for passage of the largest bit to be run in the hole. A lock on the rotary prevents the table from turning when pipe is unscrewed without the use of tongs. The words to be memorized: 1. rotary/top drive – привод ротора 2. rotary table – стол ротора 3. drill collar - УБТ (утяжеленная бурильная труба) 4. bail of the swivel – серьга, штроп вертлюга 5. hook - крюк 6. goose neck – горловина вертлюга 7. torque - кручение, крутящий момент 8. to transmit - передавать 9. kelly bushing – вкладыш под ведущую трубу 10. master bushing – основной вкладыш 11. to fit - входить, вставлять 12. to unscrew - отвинчивать 13. tongs–клещи EXERCISE 2 Answer the following questions. 1. What are the main parts of the rotary system? 2. What is the bail of the swivel attached to? 3. What is the function of the swivel? 4. What is the first section of pipe below the swivel? 5. How is the torque transmitted to the Kelly? 6.What does rotation of a crooked Kelly cause? 7.What does a goose neck provide? 8.Where are the Kelly bushings situated? 9.Why should the Kelly be kept as straight as possible? 10. What does a lock on the rotary prevent the table from? EXERCISE 3 Find the proper Russian equivalents to the following English terms.
EXERCISE 4 Memorize the following word combinations, give their Russian equivalents. Rotary system, bit rotation, load capacities, rotary table, crooked Kelly, whipping motion, Kelly bushing, unscrew with tongs. EXERCISE 5 Complete the sentences. 1. The rotary system includes… 2. …to the hook of the travelling block. 3. The goose neck provides… 4. Kelly bushings fit… 5. Rotary drilling rigs are used… 6. Rotation of a crooked Kelly… 7. A lock on the rotary prevents the table… 8. The opening in the rotary table must be large enough… 9. Kelly must be kept… 10. The Kelly is… EXERCISE 6 Describe the rotary system using the following plan and discuss in dialogs with your group mates this theme. Plan: 1. The main parts of the rotary system. 2. The swivel and the bail of the swivel. 3. The Kelly. 4. A lock on the rotary. EXERCISE 7 Prepare a presentation about the rotary system. CHAPTER V THE WELL CONTROL SYSTEM EXERCISE 1 Read and translate the text, using the words after the text. The well control system prevents the uncontrolled flow of formation fluids from the well bore. When the bit penetrates a permeable formation that has a fluid pressure in excess of the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the drilling fluid, formation fluids will begin displacing the drilling fluid from the well. The flow of formation fluids into the well in the presence of drilling fluid is called a kick. The well control system permits detecting the kick, closing the well at the surface, circulating the well under pressure to remove the formation fluids and increase the mud density, moving the drill string under pressure and diverting the flow away from the rig personnel and equipment. Failure of the well control system results in an uncontrolled flow of formation fluids and is called a blowout. This is perhaps the worst disaster that can occur during drilling operations. Blowouts may cause loss of life, drilling equipment, much of oil and gas reserves in the underground reservoir, and damage to the environment near the well. The flow of fluid from the well caused by a kick is stopped by use of special pack-off devices called blowout preventers (BOPs). Multiple BOPs used in a series are referred to collectively as a BOP stack. The BOP must be capable of terminating flow from the well under all drilling conditions. When the drill string is in the hole, movement of the pipe without releasing well pressure should be allowed to occur. In addition, the BOP stack should allow fluid circulation through the well annulus under pressure. These objectives are usually accomplished by using several ram presenters and one annular preventer. Modern hydraulic systems used for closing BOP's are high-pressure fluid accumulators similar to those developed for aircraft fluid control systems. The accumulator is equipped with a pressure-regulating system. The ability to change the closing pressure on the preventers is important when it is necessary to strip pipe into the hole. Stripping is most easily done using the annular preventer. The words to be memorized: 1. formation fluid – пластовый флюид, пластовая жидкость 2. permeable formation – проницаемый пласт 3. in excess - избыточный, в избытке 4. to displace - вытеснять, замещать 5. kick – резкое повышение давления, удар 6. to detect - обнаружить 7. density - плотность 8. to divert - отводить 9. failure - отказ, поломка оборудования 10. flow - поток, выброс 11. to terminate - заканчивать 12. BOP stack - блок\комплект превенторов 13. ram – плашка противовыбросового превентора 14. ram preventer – плашечный превентор
EXERCISE 2 Answer the following questions. 1.What does the well control system prevent? 2.What is a kick? 3.What does the well control system permit? 4.What does failure of the well control system result in? 5.What may cause blowout? 6.What is a blowout preventer? 7.What is a BOP stack? 8.What is a high pressure accumulator equipped with? 9.What is important when it is necessary to strip pipe into the hole? 10. What preventer is used when stripping? Популярное:
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