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Когда прилагательное оканчивается на -ic, то к нему добавляется -ally: tragic - tragically



NB! Обратите внимание на следующие слова, которые хотя и имеют суффикс -ly, являются прилагательными:

lonely одинокий
lively живой, жизнерадостный
friendly дружелюбный
lovely приятный, симпатичный
silly глупый
elderly пожилой

NB! Очень редко для образования наречий используются следующие суффиксы:

· -ways (sidewaysсбоку, боком)

· -ward(s) (upwards – наверх, southwards – по направлению на юг)

· -wise (clockwise – по часовой стрелке, anticlockwise – против часовой стрелки)

NB! Довольно часто встречаются наречия, совпадающие по форме с прилагательными:

 

Прилагательное Наречие
well хороший fast быстрый, крепкий long долгий, длинный little маленький much много daily ежедневный early ранний monthly ежемесячный low низкий straight прямой   well хорошо fast быстро, крепко long долго, давно little мало much очень daily ежедневно early рано monthly ежемесячно low низко straight прямо  

Отличить такие наречия от прилагательных можно по выполняемой ими роли в предложении:

- прилагательное характеризует существительное,

- наречие – характеризует глагол (иногда прилагательное или другое наречие) с целью уточнения того, как происходит (происходило) действие.

 

NB! На некоторые наречия следует обратить особое внимание, так как они имеют две формы. Одну – совпадающую с соответствующим прилагательным, и другую с суффиксом -ly, которая часто отличается по значению от исходного слова, например:

 

Прилагательное Наречие без -ly Наречие с -ly
bad плохой close близкий hard твердый, трудный high высокий large большой late поздний near близкий short короткий плохо; сильно близко упорно; твердо высоко широко поздно близко резко, круто badly плохо; очень; сильно closely тщательно hardly едва (ли); еле-еле highly очень, весьма largely в значительной степени lately в последнее время nearly почти shortly вскоре, незадолго

Например:

He is a hard worker.

· Он усердный работник.

He works hard.

· Он работает усердно.

I could hardly understand him.

· Я едва мог понять его.

Exercise 1. Fill each of the gaps below with one of the following adverbs. You will need to use some more than once.

 
 
anxiously, badly, carefully, fast, hard, late, lately, quietly, slowly, suddenly, well


1) Pete had to work very ____to finish in time.

2) I play the piano, but I don't play it very ____.

3) You should drive very____.

4) It's dangerous to drive____.

5) He drove very ____ to Liverpool, but still he arrived too____.

6) It'll take us hours to get there. Chris always drives so____.

7) Could you speak ____, please. The baby is sleeping.

8) He didn't work very____. That's why he did so____ in his exam.

9) The exams were over and everyone was waiting____.

10) Do you know how David is? I haven't heard anything____.

11) We got a dreadful shock. We were just sitting here____ and ____ there was a loud knock at the door.

 

· Make up a sentence of your own using as many adverbs from the list above as possible.

 

Exercise 2. In each of the following sentences, indicate whether the underlined word is an adverb of manner, time, or place.

 

Student A: Student B:

 
 

 


 

 

1. The sun is down.

2. I’ve already seen this movie.

3. The thief crept silently across the rooftops.

4. I'm not feeling well today.

5. He comes home late.

6. We'll meet here after the match.

7. The teacher smiled enigmatically.

8. I’m leaving for Paris soon.

9. You should be able to answer this question quite easily.

 

Exercise 3. Form adverbs from the following adjectives according to the scheme:

 

 

1. He clapped his hands (loud) together.

2. She answered the question (intelligent).

3. He stood there smiling (stupid) at her.

4. They smiled at her (strange).

5. He (senseless) killed the butterfly.

6. The secretary (busy) typed a letter.

7. Peter (crazy) danced on the table.

8. Steve (happy) took the last cookie.

9. We slept the day away (lazy).

10. Marge (angry) said goodbye.

 

Exercise 4. Usethe following adverbs in sentences of your own according to the scheme:

 

Student A: Student B:

 
 

 


Actually, officially, geographically, frankly, confidentially, between you and me, funnily enough, surprisingly, undoubtedly, basically, ironically, apparently, surely, mainly, generally, curiously.  

 

Exercise 5. Using the verb and adverb from columns A and B translate the given phrases. Work in pairs:

       
 
   
 


 

A. B.


deeply

thoroughly

convincingly

spontaneously

bravely

truly

heavily

distinctly

badly

softly

briefly

sweetly

continuously

easily

 

argue

behave

sleep

speak

explain

feel

investigate

react

sing

fight

rain

remember

love and respect

get mad


Кого-либо сильно любить и уважать, ожесточенно спорить, плохо себя вести, сладко спать, убедительно говорить, тщательно объяснять, отчетливо чувствовать, длительно исследовать, храбро на что-либо реагировать, мягко петь, драться на самом деле, идти время от времени (о дожде), отчетливо помнить, сойти с ума на короткое время.

 

 

Exercise 6. Choose the right word from the brackets.

 

1. He wrote his dictation (bad, badly). 2. He acted very (brave, bravely). 3. He is a (brave, bravely) man. 4. This is quite (clear, clearly). 5. This (clear, clearly) shows the difference. 6. She received him (cold, coldly). 7. This is a (comfortable, comfortably) chair. 8. We travelled (com­fortable, comfortably). 9.Your description is not quite (exact, exactly). 10. I don't know (exact, exactly) when he will come. 11.The children seem to be very (happy, happily). 12. The answer was not (satisfactory, satisfactorily).

Exercise 7. State whether the italicized words are adjectives or adverbs.

 

Student A: Student B:

 
 

 


1. He came close to Godfrey and breathed into his waist­coat. 2. He was also his closest companion and his closest friend. 3. Our sympathy had always been close, and was growing closer as we grew older. 4. I don't want to be too hard on you. 5. His hair was straight and long. 6. He sat up straight in his chair, and asked what I wanted to see him about. 7. Could you show me the nearest way to the Red Square? 8. She turned full on me, when I was sitting near the window with my back to the sunlight. 9. First I considered myself to be stand­ing high on a very high mountain with a straight wide mouth; and I pulled my mouth straight and wide, I made my eyes close down at the far corners, widening at the inner corners. 10. Would you mind telling me how long you’re staying up here? 11. It's simply that I find these long si­lences intolerable. 12. I went further out in the lake to pass it. The lake was much narrower now. 13. He did not ask any further questions. 14. I do think you might have caught an earlier train from Cambridge. 15. You might have come a little bit earlier. 16. I'm a better singer than he now. 17.1 think we should work far better to get rid of such mis­takes. 18. I'm afraid I can't walk very fast. 19. My watch is ten minutes fast.

Exercise 8. Work in groups of three. Agree or disagree with your partner. Intensify the sentences by using the adverbs from the right column.

 

Student A: Student B:

 
 


Student C:

 
 

 

 


 

1. It was cold that night. 2. He spoke fast. 3. This stamp is valuable. 4. They danced slowly. 5. Mary and Peter get on well together. 6. Your work is poor. 7. She left suddenly. 8. He speaks Dutch, but not well. 9. The time passed fast. 10. It's a difficult test. 11. The children are keen to go to the zoo. very pretty rather quite fairly especially particularly not particularly extremely

 

Exercise 9. Translate into English


1. Говорят, ты очень хорошо вчера пел.

2. Директор немедленно принял необходимые меры.

3. Мой друг бегло говорит на пяти языках.

4. Моему другу нравиться быстро ездить на машинах.

5. Люди, которые быстро ездят, рано или поздно попадают в аварию.

6. Это легкий вопрос. На него легко может ответить ребенок.

7. Преподаватель четко объяснил студентам это сложное правило.

8. Вчера к нам совершенно неожиданно приехали гости.

9. Я полностью с вами согласен.

10. В этой школе примерно 200 учеников.

 

 

TEST.

TASK I. Fill in each space in the following sentences with an appropriate adverb using the words in the list.

 

 
 
day soft well occasion early beauty month easy careful noise

 

 


1. The orchestra played the symphony …, I thought.

2. Jon spoke so … I could hardly hear him.

3. Hold the baby …, please.

  1. The children played … in their bedroom and kept their father awake.
  2. In Britain, some people have their newspapers delivered ….
  3. The magazine is published … so we get twelve issues a year.
  4. I go to the theatre … - I just don’t have the time to go more often.
  5. You could … pass the test with a bit more work.
  6. Come … if you want to find a good seat.
  7. I hope you do … in your driving test.

 

 
 
gentle shy hour heroic automatic terrible probable surprising unexpected true

 

 


1. He treats is dog ….

  1. If the phone doesn’t work, you get your money back….
  2. She touched him on the arm ….
  3. She turned up at the party ….
  4. It is … too late to catch the plane now.
  5. The exam was … easy and everyone passed.
  6. ‘I have a question, ’ she said, raising her hand ….
  7. She has to take the medicine ….
  8. There was a … beautiful view from the bedroom.
  9. The firemen fought … to put the fire out.

 

TASK II. Choose the correct variant.

 

1. Landing on the moon was one of the most dramatic / dramatically scientific adventures of the twentieth century.

2. She stepped confident / confidently onto the stage to begin her talk.

3. The meeting at lunchtime was a complete / completely waste of time.

4. She did good / well in the exam and she won a prize.

5. Charles and Diana were very bad / badly matched.

6. Max tried hard / hardly to make the hotel receptionist understand him, but his Spanish wasn't fluent / fluently enough.

7. After looking at the computer screen all day I had an awful / awfully headache.

8. Even though Deborah did the job efficient / efficiently, they sacked her after two months.

9. The doctor couldn't understand why Carol felt so hot because her temperature was normal / normally.

10.My teacher used the latest, most effective / effectively methods of teaching.

11. The boy behaved bad / badly on a school trip so the school refused to take him on any more.

12. Men talk wise/wisely but live foolish / foolishly.

13. By nature all men are alike, but by education widely different / differently.

14. Is it so necessary to discuss all this confidential / confidentially?

 

TASK III. Translate into English.

1. Вообще-то это не имеет значения. 2. Она говорила легко, но твердо. 3. Этот магазин продает практически все. 4. Она восприни­мает окружающий ее мир философски. 5. Эта девушка необы­чайно эгоистична. 6. Вы ужасно добры. 7. Мне хотелось бы быть эконо­мически независимым. 8. Эта машина очень эконо­мична. 9. Они слишком легко согласились на наше предложение. 10. Я лишь частично согласен с вами. 11. Откровенно говоря, ты не очень серьезно относишься к своим обязанностям. 12. Скажи нам честно, почему ты вел себя так глупо. 13. Простуда прошла, и я хорошо себя чувствовал. 14. Все хорошо, что хорошо кон­чается. 14. Я определенно считаю, что мы все сделали правильно. 15. Лучше поздно, чем никогда. 16. Старай­ся излагать свои мысли логично. Выслушай меня вниматель­но и начинай действовать немедленно. 17. Мой друг -- постоянный читатель этого журнала. Он регулярно его
выписывает. 18. Ландшафт был невероятно красив.

 

B. Adverbs: degrees of comparison

Наречия образа действия, а также некоторые наречия меры, частоты, времени и места имеют степени сравнения. Остальные наречия степеней сравнения не имеют.

Степени сравнения большинства наречий (наречий с суффиксом -1у) образуются при помощи служебных слов: more (в сравнительной степени) и most (в превосходной степени), например:

· сarefully— more carefully— most carefully

NB! Односложные наречия, а также наречие early образуют степени сравнения при помощи суффиксов -еr (всравнительной степени) и -est (в превосходной):

Soon — sooner—soonest

Early — earlier —earliest

NB! Степени сравнения следующих наречий образуются не по общим правилам:

 

Положительная Сравнительная Превосходная
степень   степень степень
well (хорошо) better (лучше) best (лучше всего)
badly (плохо) worse (хуже) worst (хуже всего)
far (далеко) farther (дальше(о расстоянии)) farthest (дальше всего (о расстоянии))
far further (последующий) furthest (самый дальний по порядку)
little (мало) less (меньше) least (меньше всего)
much (много) more (больше) most (наибольшее число)

 

Для сравнения двух действий используется сравнительная форма наречия, за которой обычно следует слово than:

· Mark runs faster than Steve

As + наречие + as показывает как что-то делается по сравнению с кем-то или чем-то:

· She sat as quietly as a mouth.

Форма the + наречие + the употребляется, когда хотят описать изменение, которое влечет за собой другое изменение:

·
The more I know, the more I forget – Чем больше я знаю, тем больше я забываю.

Exercise 1. Give the degrees of comparison of the following adverbs according to the following scheme:

Badly, briefly, carefully, clearly, distinctly, early, effectively, efficiently, far, fast, frankly, frequently, hard, heartily, honestly, late, little, much, often, patiently, soon, well, willingly.

Exercise 2. Put the words in brackets into the right form. The first one has been done for you:

Student A: Student B:

 
 


· Statistics say that women drive (carefully) than men. – Statistics say that women drive more carefully than men.

1. Please talk a bit (quietly) and (little) aggressively.

2. There's nothing (annoying) than losing your door key.

3. Tom prefers to be alone. He is (sociable) person in the office.

5. This time he tried (hard) than last time.

6. A big car can be parked (easily) than a small one.

7. We walked (far) than we had planned.

8. Today David acted (generously) than ever before.

9. The final exam was (little) difficult of all.

10. This month Caroline worked (badly) of all, though actually she works (well) of all the pupils of her class.

11. You don't remember some details. You should study the papers (closely).

12. They can get here at 7 o'clock at (early). It's a long way from here
13. Changes will become necessary by the autumn, at (late).

14. Really, Alex, you could work (efficiently)!

Exercise 3. Complete the following advertisements using the comparative degree of the adverbs according to the following scheme:

Student A: Student B:

 
 


1. I never slept very well until I drank Nightcap. Now I sleep (good)... than ever before.

2. If you think your washing powder gets your clothes thoroughly clean, then you haven't tried Ariel. Ariel will clean them (thoroughly)....

3. So your batteries last a long time, do they? Try Energizer batteries. They last even (long)....

4. Do you wish your photocopier were quicker and more efficient? Then change to Xerox. Xerox copies are (quick) … and (efficient)... than most other copiers.

5. Money doesn't go very far nowadays, does it? So, shop at GUM where your money goes (far) ….

Exercise 4. While working in pairs, translate the adverbs in brackets into English:

1. If you want to pass this exam, Freddie, you'll have to work (более усердно).

2. I can't understand what's happened to the team. They've been playing pretty badly all season and last night they played (хуже) than usual.

3. Daniel could miss the train leaving at 5 a.m. So he had to go (быстрее).

4. Sue, there's a police car following us. Hadn't you better drive (помедленнее)? 5. Children, I know you're enjoying yourselves, but I've got a terrible headache. Please, can you speak (потише)?

6. You know I don't like smoking very much. It's too smoky in the room. Can't you smoke (поменьше)?

7. Ifyou don't hurry up, I'll miss my bus. Can't you do everything (быстрее)?

8. Let me ask him. I know him (лучше) than you do.

9. Your work isn't very good. I'm sure you can do (лучше) than this.

10. Don't hurry up. I'm very tired and can't go (дальше).

11, I'm sorry, but this is a very bad line and I can't hear you. Could you speak (погромче)?

 

Exercise 5. Reply the following questions using a bit, a little, far, a lot, much according to the scheme:

 

Student A: Student B:

 
 

 

 


1. Do you know English better than Russian?

2. I'm sorry, I don't understand. Could you say it again more slowly?

3. Can you type better than write shorthand?

4. I’m simply dying. Can you walk more slowly?

5. Do you enter the classroom earlier than the teacher does?

6. Do you work later than usual getting ready for an exam?

7. Do you getup earlier than usual on the day you are having an exam?

8.Can you work harder than teachers expect from you?

9. Do you work more enthusiastically if you expect the Dean to praise you?

10. Do you act more sensibly if you know the possible consequences?

11. Can you drive faster than your friend?

Exercise 6. Use the comparative or superlative degree of the adverbs. Work in pairs.

Student A: Student B:

 
 

 


2. Driving... (slowly) now, she arrived between four and five.

3. She was the one who was being hurt... (deeply).

4. Moreover, he was... (well) educated than the others.

5. Then he dismissed the thought as unworthy and impossible and yielded himself... (freely) to the music.

6. All the class has learned quite a lot, but Alfred has definitely learned … (much) which is not surprising, as he's always worked... (hard).

7. I know she thought about it... (carefully) before making a decision and, taking everything into consideration, I think she acted... (sensibly).

8. Well, out of all the different machines to choose from, I'd say this model works... (efficiently), produces the best copies and costs... (little) to run.

9. He argued... (persuasively) of all the speakers.

10. Look, the man has written back to you... (apologetically), explaining that there was a genuine mistake, so, under the circumstances, I think you are behaving... (unreasonably).

11. He followed her mental process... (clearly) now and her soul was no... (long) the sealed wonder it had been.

12. I'm pleased to say all the ideas were received... (favourably), but there's no doubt Nick's idea was received … (enthusiastically), so that's the one we've chosen.

 

Exercise 7. Complete the following sentences using as…as with adverbs according to the following scheme:

Student A: Student B:

 
 

 

 


1. Debbie hoped to do in her exams well but she failed. She didn’t work (hard) she used to.

2. Sorry, I’m late. You know I can't walk fast but I got here (fast) possible.

3. You know a bit about cars but I know more. You don't know (much) I do. 4. I still smoke but I used to smoke a lot more. I don't smoke (much) I used to.

5. I was tired and wanted to sleep long and well this night. But my roommates arranged a party with music. I didn't sleep (long) I wanted.

6. They've lived here for quite a long time but we've lived here longer. They haven't lived here (long) we have.

7. I can run fast but you can run faster. I hear you've won the Cup. I can't run (fast) you.

8. I need the money very soon. Could you send it to me (soon) possible?

 

Exercise 8. Form sentences with the…the…. Choose a half-sentence from box A to go with a half-sentence from box B. Work in pairs.

 
 

A B

the earlier we leave   the faster you’ll learn
the longer we waited the more you forget
the more I got to know him the sooner we’ll arrive
the more you practice your German the less I liked him
the more you learn the more impatient he became
the harder you work   the better you pass the exams

 

Exercise 9. Translate in written form.

 
 

 

 


1. Я играл не так хорошо, как другие члены команды.

2. Он может добраться до школы пешком быстрее чем на машине.

3. Я вижу Таль реже, чем Гилу.

4. Мери приехала на час позже мужа.

5. Они приедут туда как можно быстрее.

6. Джо не читает так хорошо как Том.

7. Я написал контрольную хуже всех.

8. Я получаю так мало писем от тебя. Почему ты не пишешь чаще?

9. Из всех танцоров группы она танцует красивее всех.

10. Чем тяжелее ты работаешь, тем быстрее ты устаешь.

 

TEST.

TASK I. Fill in the relevant adverbs in their comparative or superlative forms.

 

Bicycles look set to become 1)...the most commonly... (common) used form of transport in Britain. Bicycles are 2) … (good) for the environment than cars, and they allow you to travel 3).................. (convenient). You can get from point A to point B 4).................. (quick) than by car and you can find a place to leave your bike much 5).................. (easy). Many younger people now ride a bike because they find it 6)..................(good) suits their lifestyle and enables them to get around 7).........(efficient). In addition, they often arrive 7)..................(early) than their colleagues who drive to work and who have to wait 8)..................(long) in traffic jams than they do.

 

TASK II. Underline the correct alternative.

 

1 You'll have an accident if you don't drive more carefully/ more careful.

2 Her parents were more / most pleased when she won the prize.

3 You should have got there earlier/more early if you wanted a good seat.

4 Can you speak louder/more loud/loudlier please? We can't hear you at the back.

5 She plays very / much more noisily than any child I've ever met.

6 There's been an accident. Come as quicker/quick/quickest as you can, please.

7 I caught a taxi because if I had come by bus, it would have taken me much/more longer.

8 She drove very / even quickly along the lane.

9 We need to save time and money - so can we all try and work more efficiently/ more efficient?

10 'I’m fed up with staying in all the time.' 'Well, go out oftener/more often'

11 The nearer/nearest I got to getting a job was being short-listed.

12 " We will give you further / farther news as we receive it, " the newsreader said.

13 His parents are worried about him because his marks are getting badly/worse/worst.

14 Can't he speak any / much louder than that? No one can hear him.

15 She should work harder/hardlier if she wants to pass her Maths test.

 

TASK III. Translate into English:

 

1. Он говорит по-английски лучше всех в нашей группе. 2. Крестьяне работают больше всего летом и осенью. 3. Он шел быстрее всех. 4. Билл бежал медленнее всех и прибежал последним. 5. Мой приятель говорит по-английски лучше меня. 6. Я прихожу в институт позже вас. 7. Вы сделала свою работу тщательнее, чем он. 8. Сейчас я читаю меньше, у меня очень мало времени. 9. Она читает по-французски медленнее, чем по-английски. 10. Мой брат играет в шахматы хуже меня. 11. Вчера я пришел на занятия раньше всех. 12. Если вы хотите поступить в институт, вы должны лучше учиться. 13. Сегодня он разговаривал с нами более сердито, чем в прошлый раз. 14. В этом году она заходит к нам реже, чем раньше. 15. Рано или поздно прав­да станет известна всем. 16. Дима живет дальше всех.

 

C. Adverbs: word order

Наречия степени

Наречия степени very, quite, about (в значении 'почти'), определяющие прилагательные или другие наречия, ставятся в середине предложения непосредственно перед словами, которые они определяют, например:

· I am very glad to hear it.

· He feels quite well.

Наречия степени и полноты совершения действия, определяющие глагол ( almost, also, even, hardly, just (в значении 'только что, еле'), merely, nearly, quite, rather, soon, still (в значении 'пока что, все еще' )) ставятся:
1. между подлежащим и сказуемым (если оно простое):

· You almost managed it that time.

· They soon found what they wanted.

· You nearly missed the bus.

3. между изменяемой и неизменяемой частью сказуемого (если оно составное):

· They didn't even try to help!

· They had just finished breakfast.

· We are still waiting.

 

NB! Исключение представляет наречие степени enough.

Оно ставится после прилагательного, наречия и глагола, которое оно определяет:

· The book is interesting enough.

· She does not work enough.


Если при наречии enough есть существительное, то оно может стоять как до него, так и после:

· I have got enough money to buy the book = I have got money enough to buy the book.

Exercise 1. Complete the following situations using enough with one of these words: big, clean, old, warm, well, chairs, experience, cups, money, qualifications, room, time, food. Work in pairs.

Student A: Student B:

 
 


1. It's only a small саг. There isn't... for all of you.

2. There is not... to feed the company of twelve.

3. The water was not... to swim in.

4. I can't make coffee for everybody. There aren't... in the office.

5. Are you...? Or shall I switch on the heating?

6. There weren't... for everyone to sit down.

7. Graham didn't finish the test. He didn't have....

8. Try this jacket and see if it’s for you.

9. He didn't get the job because he didn't have ….

10. We would like to buy a Mercedes but we haven't got....

11. My brother didn’t feel … to go to work this morning.

12. Do you think I've got... to apply for the job?

 

Exercise 2. Answer the questions using the adjectives in brackets with the adverbs too or enough. The first sentence has been done for you.

 

Student A: Student B:

 
 

 


1. Shall I take a photograph? (dark)

2. I don't want to miss the 11.15 train. Shall I leave for the station at 11 sharp? (late)

3. Did you bear what they were saying? (far)

4. Did you sleep well? (noisy)

5. Can you were this coat in winter? (enough)

6. Is your younger sister getting married? (old).

7. Why don't you drink the coffee? (hot)

8. Why did Winifred fail at maths? (hard)

9. Why can't Boris talk to me now? (busy)

10. Would you like to be a politician? (nice)

11. Are you going to spend your leave in Spain? (money)

12. Why didn't your friend get the job of a sales manager? (experienced)

Exercise 3. Put the adverbs in brackets in the correct place.

 
 


1. His employers offered him higher wages. (even)

2. She liked to ask for an extra holiday. (hardly)

3. He caught the train. (just)

4. Mr Green hinted at the possibility. (merely)

5. I wanted to ask you the time. (only)

6. We like it. (rather)

7. She hopes to get news of him. (still)

8. They have visited Milan. (also)

9. She has recovered from her illness. (quite)

10. They would stay at home. (rather)

Наречия образа действия

Well, badly, hard и многие другие наречия образа действия помещаются в конец предложения:

· She plays tennis beautifully.

· He doesn't speak much.

· She is working hard.

В восклицательных предложениях, начинающихся с how, обстоятельство образа действия ставится после how, а не в конце предложения:

· How beautifully she sings!

· How hard you work!

Наречия образа действия с суффиксом - ly, характеризующие переходные глаголы, стоят как в середине, так и в конце предложения:

 

· He quickly picked up the ball. = He picked up the ball quickly.

· I had completely forgotten it. = I had forgotten it completely.

В пассивной конструкции наречия с суффиксом -lу стоят либо после сказуемого, либо внутри его, между вспомогательным и главным глаголами.

· The work had been carefully done. = The work had been done carefully.

При фразовых глаголах наречия с суффиксом -ly могут стоять как в середине, так и в конце предложения.

· He went out quietly. = He quietly went out.

Наречия времени


Наречия, обозначающие время ( today, tonight, etc ) могут стоять либо в самом начале (если их надо выделить по смыслу), либо в самом конце предложения:

· Tomorrow we'll finish our work.

· I saw him yesterday.

 

Exercise 4. Put the adverbs in brackets in the correct place. Work in pairs.

 

Student A: Student B:

 

 

1. Hit the ball. (hard)

2. He has done the work. (well)

3. You speak English. (perfectly)

4. How he has done the work! (badly)

5. He doesn't speak. (much)

6. I regret the mistake. (deeply)

7. I had forgotten it. (completely)

8. We spend our holiday abroad. (always)

9. It is time to go home. (high)

10. He went on reading (silently)

Наречия частоты

Наречия, обозначающие частоту совершения действия ( generally, usually, normally, regularly, often, frequently, sometimes, seldom, rarely, occasionally, never, ever, always ) занимают в предложении следующее место:
1) в предложениях с простым сказуемым, если таковое не выражено формой глагола to be, они ставятся перед этим глаголом:

· He often tells us stories about hunting

· I don't usually come home till the evening.

· Do you always study so late?
2) в предложениях с простым сказуемым, выраженным одной из форм глагола to be, они ставятся после глагола (а в вопросе – и после подлежащего):

· He is already at work.

· She isn't often at home nowadays.

· Is Jack ever on time?

3) в предложениях с составным сказуемым наречие ставится между вспомогательным/модальным и смысловым глаголами:

· I can hardly ever understand that

· They don't often go to bed late.

4) Обстоятельства частоты, состоящие из двух или более слов, одно из которых прилагательное или числительное, чаще всего уходят в конец предложения:

· We have English lessons every other day.

· The girl is on a diet. She eats twice a day.

Примеры обстоятельств, несущих на себе эмфатическое ударение и поставленных поэтому в начало предложения:

· Now and again we heard shots in the woods

· .Again and again I've warned you not to arrive late.

· As a rule I don't go to the office on Saturdays.

 
 

 
 


1. Наречия, указывающие на четкую периодичность ( daily, weekly, monthly, yearly ), чаще всего ставятся в конец фразы:

· I receive mail weekly.

NB! Наречие always, употребленное в Present Continuous, означает не 'всегда', а 'слишком/нестерпимо часто, вечно':

· She's always complaining – Она вечно жалуется

· My parents are always reminding me to take my keys – Родители надоели мне своими напоминаниями о том, чтобы я брал ключи.

 

2. Словосочетания all the time и almost always никогда не открывают предложение.

3. Если на первом месте стоит одно из следующих слов/фраз: never, hardly ever, not even once, то весь порядок слов в предложении меняется на обратный:

· Never have I seen such a sight Никогда не доводилось мне становиться свидетелем такого зрелища.

 

NB! Некоторые наречия частоты ( sometimes, usually, normally, occasionally ) иногда ставятся в начало предложения, когда эти слова требуется выделить по смыслу. В русском языке в подобных случаях соответствующие слова уходят в конец фразы:

 

· Normally I get up at 6 o'clock. But today I am on holiday Я встаю в 6 часов, как правило. Но сегодня у меня выходной.

 

4. При эмфатическом выделении наречий seldom, rarely, never они ставятся в начало предложения, а непосредственно за ними следует личная форма глагола (если это несамостоятельный глагол, то ее замещает форма глагола do ). Происходит инверсия, подобная той, которая встречается в вопросительных предложениях.

Сравните:

· We seldom hear such fine singing from school choirs Школьные хоры редко поют так хорошо.

· Seldom do we hear such fine singing from school choirs Нечасто бывает, чтобы школьные хоры так хорошо пели.

 

5. Если на модальный или вспомогательный глагол падает логическое ударение, то обстоятельство частоты ему предшествует.

Сравните:

· They can always find time for amusements. -- Они всегда найдут время для развлечений.

· They always canfind time for amusements. -- Они всегда сумеют найти время для развлечений.


В кратких ответах и возражениях вспомогательный/модальный глагол всегда несет логическое ударение, поэтому обстоятельство частоты предшествует ему:

· Why don't you stop taking black coffee? - But I never have taken it! Почему бы вам не перестать пить крепкий кофе? - Да я никогда и не пил его!

Обстоятельства частоты ставятся перед глаголом need, если за ним следует прямое дополнение или инфинитив с частицей to :

· Some of the pupils often need help.

 

Если need в качестве модального глагола имеет после себя инфинитив без частицы to , обстоятельство частоты (когда оно употребляется в середине предложения) стоит после need:

· You needn't always bang the door when you go out, need you? Вам ведь не обязательно хлопать дверью каждый раз, когда вы выходите, не так ли?

 

Exercise 5. Put the adverbs in brackets in the correct place. Work in pairs.

 

Student A: Student B:

1. (never) Alex is late for his classes.

2. (usually) He has dinner at two o’clock.

3. (seldom) I go to bed before twelve o’clock.

4. (often) I speak Spanish with my mother.

5. (always) He works in the lab after his lessons.

6. (still) Do you think that she is ill?

7. (already) I think she is at home.

8. (sometimes) I see him in the library.

 

Exercise 6. Translate.

 
 

 


1. Я часто встречаю здесь своего друга.

2. Его сестра всегда читает газеты.

3. Иногда мои родители ходят в театр.

4. Ты обычно читаешь английские газеты?

5. Чем вы сейчас занимаетесь?

6. Я очень часто смотрю эту передачу.

7. Обычно занятия по английскому языку проходят вечером.

8. На занятиях мы всегда разговариваем по-английски.

9. Очень часто мы читаем, пишем и разговариваем по-турецки.

10. Обычно я провожу свое свободное время с друзьями.

 

Exercise 7. Answer the following questions using adverbs in their correct places.

 

Student A: Student B:

1. What do you usually read – books or newspapers?

2. Where do you sometimes go?

3. Do you often meet your friends?

4. What do you usually do in the evening?

5. Where do you never go in the morning?

6. What are you doing now?

7. When do you usually have your English?

8. What do you often do during your English lessons?

9. What kind of music do you usually listen to?

10. Where do you often go after your classes?

Exercise 8. Mind the place of an adverb in the following sentences. Sometimes more than one position is possible. Work in pairs.

 

Student A: Student B:

1. This method is regarded as efficient. (highly)

3. Wait for me. (outside)

4. Jamie is working at the article. (still)

5. They help old Mrs. Huckster do the shopping. (generally)

6. Drink this and you will feel better. (soon)

7. Don't tell me the end of the film! I haven’t seen it! (yet)

8. She answered the teacher's question so quickly that we could follow her. (hardly)

9. Ah, there it is! I've been looking for it. (everywhere)

10. “Cigarette? ” – “No, thanks. I have put one out.”(just)

11. Excuse me, is there a garage? (nearby)

12. " Would you like to have a look at the paper? " – " No, thanks. I've seen it". (already)

13. I have not finished the work. (quite)

14. Marion likes the stories by A. Christie. (very much).

TEST

TASK I. Combine two sentences to make one using too or enough .

Example: I can't wear this coat in winter. It's not warm enough.

This coat is not warm enough to wear in winter.

1. We couldn't eat the food. It was too hot.

2. Don’t stand on that ladder. It’s not strong enough.

3. Nobody could move the wardrobe because it was too heavy.

4. Two people can't sleep in this bed. It's not wide enough for two people.

5. Lesley doesn't want to wear this coat. It's too loose for her.

6. Nick couldn't collect all the people from the airport. His car isn't big enough.

7. We couldn't hear what the speaker was saying. We were too far away from the place he was standing.

8. We didn't sit in the garden. It was not warm enough.

9. We can't hang the picture on the wall. It's too heavy.

10. Harry had to carry his wallet in his hand. He couldn't put it in his pocket because it was too big.

11. George wants to be appointed deputy manager. His qualification is high enough.

TASK II. Put the adverbs in the right places.

1. You are right. (absolutely)

2. I got to bed at twelve. (always)

3. Do you go to parties? (ever)

4. You can be sure of anything. (never) But you can trust (certainly)

5. They meet every weekend. (usually)

6. My friends invite me to the theatre. (occasionally).

7. I have had such a shock! (never)

8. They met again. (never)

9. I remember meeting those people (definitely).

10. Something is happening. (definitely)

11. Does he tell you the truth? (always)


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