Read international words and fill in the table.

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Russian suffixes	English words	English suffixes
-ический/ -ичныи -ивный -ярный/ -арный -озный -антный/-ентный -абельный

respiratory, climatic, critical, respectable, progressive, competent, regular, latent, infantile, ambitious, ordinary, massive, relevant. periodic, mechanical, formal, popular, intensive, tropical, industrial, physical, civil, academic, stationary, polar, analytical, vertical, active, organic, chemical, sterile, illusory, tolerant, serious, permanent, comfortable, indifferent, familiar, polar, plenary, rudimentary.

Unit 3

Verb Suffixes

-ise(ize)*	memory	память	memorize	запоминать
-fy(-ify)	simple	простой	simplify	упрощать
-ate*	concentration	концентрация	concentrate	сосредотачивать
-en	strength	сила	strengthen	укреплять
-ute	distribution	распределение	distribute	распределять
-d(e)	applause	аплодировать	applaud	аплодисменты

*В многосложных глаголах с данными суффиксами обычно ударение падает на третий слог с конца ex.: to ‘organize

3.1 Paraphrase the following phrases using -ize (ise).

Model: to make legal – legal ize.

to become liberal, to make actual, to realize in action, to make an apology, to give authority to, to provide with canals, to bring to a centre, to describe character of, to act as a patron towards, to make personal, to make professional, to bring to a standard, to make American in character.

3.2 Form verbs from the words by means of the suffixes -ize (-ise). Translate into Russian.

а) от основ прилагательных:

legal, liberal, popular, external, final, local, industrial, general, formal, ideal, modern;

б) от основ существительных:

victim, automat, symbol, oxide, motor, summary, robot.

Match the words in column A with their synonyms in

column B:

A B

oppress	systematize
arrange	recognize
notice	tyrannize
allow	localize
praise	characterize
concentrate	harmonize
mark	authorize
agree	panegyrize
calm	tranquilize

3.4 Rewrite the sentences replacing the phrases in italics with appropriate -ize / -ise verbs.

1. Some cars are fitted with a security device which makes the engine immobile.

2. In areas where the power supply fluctuates, for sensitive equipment a device to make the voltage stable required.

3. Manufacturers seek to keep costs to a minimum and profits to a maximum.

4. Most companies have installed computers to control their production line.

5. Companies may make their operation more rational by reducing the variety of products they make.

3.5 Form verbs from the words by means of the suffix -fy. Translate into Russian.

Model pure – чистый – to puri fy – очищать

dense, glory, justice, identity, note, pace, sign, example.

3.6 Form verbs from the words by means of the suffix -en.

Translate into Russian.

Model: broad – широкий – broad en - расширять

weak, soft, length, wide, dark, light, white, tight, thick, sweet, straight, deep, deaf, short, stout, sharp.

Answer the following questions.

1. When do the days begin to lengthen?

2. Do the coming examinations frighten you?

3. What can you do to brighten the classroom?

Match the words in column A with their antonyms in

column B:

A B

complicate	purify
pollute	simplify
separate	horrify
please	nullify
establish	unify

3.9 Form verbs from the words by means of the suffix -ate.

Translate into Russian.

Model: participation – particip ate

orientation, approximation, integration, communication, violation, subjugation, circulation, celebration, negotiation, indication, dedication, irritation, exaggeration, toleration.

Match the words in column A with their synonyms in

column B:

A B

free gather count show rouse explain predict divide make start ask send

illustrate anticipate create initiate separate interrogate delegate accumulate agitate calculate liberate demonstrate

3.11 Translate into English using the suffix -ate.

эвакуировать (evacuation), регулировать (regular), координировать (coordination), артикулировать (articulation), вибрировать (vibration), имитировать (imitation), дифференцировать (differentiation), ассоциировать (association), ассимилировать (assimilation), демонстрировать (demonstration), изолировать (isolation).

3.12 Form a verb – using the suffixes -en, -ify or -ise (-ize) from the noun or adjective.

computer, liquid, apology, bright, class, loose, sharp, soft, strength, terror, emphasis, identity, modern, pure, short, thick, wide.

Read international words and fill in the table.

Russian suffixes	English words	English suffixes
-фицировать -изировать/-изовать -цировать/-сировать -ировать

monopolize, identify, convulse, neutralize, intensify, liberalize, emigrate, colonize, accumulate, produce, assimilate, organize, balance, qualify, demonstrate, liquidate, mechanize.

Unit 4

Adverb suffixes

-ly	accurate	точный	accurately	точно
-ward	south	юг	southward	на юг, к югу
-fold	three	три	threefold	тройной
-wise	clock	часы	clockwise	по часовой стрелке

Некоторые наречия, образованные от прилагательных путём добавления суффикса -ly, отличаются по значению от корневого слова.

Запомните их!

hard	трудный, тяжелый, твердый	hardly	едва, едва ли, с трудом
near	близкий	nearly	почти, близко приблизительно
high	высокий	highly	весьма, очень
late	поздний	lately	недавно, за последнее время
short	короткий	shortly	вскоре
large	большой, обширный	largely	главным образом, в значительной степени
ready	готовый	readily	легко, без труда
necessary	необходимый	necessarily	обязательно
increasing	нарастающий	increasingly	в большей степени

Translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the words in bold.

1. The operation was very hard, but successful. They can hardly do it without our help.

2. The masses of a proton and a neutron are nearly equal. I should like to have a near translation of Byron's poems.

3. Multi-storey buildings are very high. It is a highly interesting book.

4. His late arrival caused much inconvenience. A balloon has lately been reported above this point.

5. The distance to this point is very short. The plane will shortly arrive.

6. The entrance halls of the Petersburg Metro are large and beautiful. In electrical engineering rubber is used largely as the insulating material.

7.Не is always ready to help his friends. Charcoal readily absorbs many gases.

8. My colleague lives near the station. Water contains nearly 90 per cent of oxygen.

9. Where can I get all necessary information? Every chemical change necessarily involves physical change as well.

4.2 Form adverbs from the following adjectives by means of the suffix -ly. Translate into English.

Model: comparative – сравнительный – comparative ly – сравнительно

pure, rapid, equal, ordinary, certain, accidental, radioactive, previous, rare, heavy, reasonable, separate, profitable, sufficient, effective, approximate.

4.3 Match the words in column A with their synonyms in column B:

A B

regularly openly legally hardly pleasantly sharply likely closely rudely cruelly awfully mainly clearly thoughtlessly kindly

publicly barely agreeably directly probably nearly lawfully roughly dreadfully brutally principally distinguishably carelessly gently systematically

Form adverbs using the following model.

Model: without difficulty – easily, in an icy manner – icily

In an ideal manner, in an idle manner, in a mad manner, in a noble manner, in a noisy manner, with pride, once a quarter, in a quiet manner, in a rosy manner, in the second place, in a short time, in a strong manner.

Choose the right variant in the following sentences. Translate the sentences.

Well, another 1) bright/brightly, sunny day had arrived and Daniella waited 2) hopefully/hopeful near the front door looking out of the window for any sign of the 3) local/locally postman. All of a 4) sudden/suddenly, she heard the snap of the letterbox. She ran 5) fast/fastly to see what had been delivered. She tore the envelope open 6) impatient/impatiently … she couldn’t believe it! She had actually been accepted into the Fame Academy!

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