V. Вставьте пропущенные слова. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

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a	b	c	d	e
banks	vacancies	insurance	records	profit

1. A great variety of risks can nowadays be covered by ….

2. Part of the company’s … is paid to shareholders.

3. Commercial … render various services to companies and individuals.

4. Auditors review financial … and report to the management.

5. Business newspaper often publish advertisements of ….

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VI. Переведите письменно слова 1-5. Подберите к словам соответствующие определения.

1.willing a) managed by the government

2.obliged b)unchanging

3.constant c) very strict or cruel

4.state-run d) prepared to do

5.severe e)has to

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VII. Соедините части предложений (1-4) и (a-d) по смыслу.

1.The production and distribution of goods

2. Modern complex economies involve

3. A large firm is typically a corporation

4. Growth in trade has been accelerated

a) by the removal of barriers.

b) requires the use of economic resources.

c) which is a legal entity in itself.

d) the interactions of large numbers of people.

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VIII. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.

The Standard of Living

By the standard of living we mean not only the goods and services we consume, but also other aspects of the quality of life including health, leisure time, and environmental amenities. Welfare is another word that also conveys the idea of well-being. But it is not easy to measure the standard of living of a population in quantitative terms. We care not just about the quantity of goods and services but also their quality, and that can be difficult to measure. Think of the remarkable improvements in the quality of electronic devices, and in the effectiveness and safety of medical services; but how to quantify that? We also are to measure changes in the amount of leisure time, and the historical trend is towards more leisure.

The environment gets increasing attention as we become more aware of the negative effects of our activities on nature and how that affects our own welfare. Affluent societies have both the greatest impact on the environment and also the greatest ability to mitigate that impact. It is very difficult to measure environmental impact, nor is it easy to get agreement on how it should be valued, but there is no doubt that it will occupy increasing attention in the years ahead.

In measuring the standard of living we are concerned not simply with the average level of consumption or income, but also its distribution among households. Which society enjoys a higher standard of living, one with a higher average income but greater inequality, or one with a lower average income but less inequality? Most people would probably say that there is a trade-off between level and inequality, so the answer depends on how large the differences are.

Iх. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1.Is it easy to measure the standard of living of a population in quantitative terms?

2.What gets increasing attention?

3. Which society enjoys a higher standard of living?

Вариант 4

I.Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.

1.There`s a problem with a new website design.

2. The value of exports is growing faster than the value of imports in Russia.

3. There have been changes in Russia’s trading partnerships.

II. КОПРы (Simple, Continuous(Progressive), Perfect).Прочитайте предложения (1-4) и вставьте пропущенные словосочетания (a-d) в пропуски: a) have agreed b) collect c) am meeting d) ordered.

1.Companies ---------- information about people all the time.

2. We ---------the goods two months ago. 3. We --------- on a few points.

4. I ------- Misses Walker at 5 pm.

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III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя сравнительную степень. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.Now, things are slowly getting (good).

2. Economists like to make things (complicated).

3. Planned economies grow (slowly) than market economies.

IV. Вставьте в пропуски (1-4) предлоги (a-d ): a) to b)on c)for d) through.

1.Many manufacturers sell their products ------- retailers.

2.A lot of companies sell products and services business ----- business

3. I go to the office ---foot. It takes me 25 minutes.

4.It”s a great airport. You never wait very long ----your luggage.

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V. Вставьте пропущенные слова. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

a	b	c	d	e
paperwork	costs	pay	discount	employees

1.Sometimes it is possible to negotiate a --------on large orders.

2.Some projects fail because they have unexpected ---------.

3.Administrative workers do a lot of--------, usually in the office.

4.A person in charge of other -------has a managerial position.

5.People who do voluntary work don`t receive any.

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VI. Переведите письменно слова 1-5. Подберите к словам соответствующие определения.

1.crumbling a) immobile, not moving

2.enviable b)not foreign

3.domestic c) important or worth money

4.valuable d) something that other people want

5.static e) falling apart or collapsing

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VII. Соедините части предложений (1-4) и (a-d) по смыслу.

1.Russia attempted to convert from a centrally planned economy

2. In this new century China has emerged 3. Some observers worry about 4. Recession is bad because it means

a) few jobs and loss of income for many.

b) the impact of globalization on third-world countries.

c) to a largely private enterprise economy.

d) as the new player in the international economy.

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VIII. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.

Economics

Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek oikonomia (“management of a household, administration”). Current economic models emerged from the broader field of political economy in the late 19^th century. Classic economies concentrates on how the forces of supply and demand allocate scare products’ and resources. A primary stimulus for the development of modern economics was the desire to use an empirical approach more akin* to the physical sciences.

Economics aims to explain how economies work and how economic agents interact. Economic analysis is applied throughout society in business, finance and government but also in crime, education, the family, health, law, politics, religion, social institutions, war and science. At the turn of the 21^st century, the expanding domain of Economics in the social sciences was described as economic imperialism.

Common distinctions are drawn between various dimensions of economics. The primary distinction is between microeconomics, which examines the behavior of basic elements in the economy, including individual markets and agents (such as consumers and firms, buyers and sellers), and macroeconomics, which examines issues affecting an entire economy, including unemployment, inflation, economic growth, monetary and fiscal policy. Macroeconomic models and their forecasts are used by both governments and large corporations to assist in the development and evaluation of economics policy and business strategy.

Iх. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1.What does classic economies concentrate on?

2.When was the expanding domain of Economics in the social sciences described as economic imperialism?

3.Who uses macroeconomic models and their forecasts?

Вариант 5

I.Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.

1.A British company has two export managers for the main regions.

2. The price of goods will certainly depend on the terms of delivery.

3.Now some organizations are investing money in training their managers.

II. КОПРы (Simple, Continuous(Progressive), Perfect).Прочитайте предложения (1-4) и вставьте пропущенные словосочетания (a-d) в пропуски: a) have lost b) went c) take out d) are helping.

1.Many people ---------- insurance policies to protect against risks.

2. I ------- Misses Wilde’s phone number.

3. Three temporary employees -------- out this month. 4. Sarah --------to the trade fair on Thursday.

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