III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя сравнительную степень. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

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1.Customers are (careful) about what they buy than they were before.

2. When taxes on petrol are (high), people don’t use their cars so often.

3.Quality and value for money are becoming (important).

IV. Вставьте в пропуски (1-4) предлоги (a-d ): a)at b)within c)in d)on.

1.Companies employ people to work for them ---- many kinds of jobs.

2. Our department meeting is ----Friday afternoon.

3.I”m sorry. Mr.Smith”s in a meeting ----the moment.

4.Large companies have a department which manages career development ----- the company.

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V. Вставьте пропущенные слова. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

a	b	c	d	e
invoices	exports	shares	inflation	cash

1. The capital of a limited company is divided into …

2. Individuals can deposit … resources that are not needed at present.

3. Commercial … are issued after the goods are shipped.

4. The UK’s principal … are vehicles, machinery and manufactured goods.

5. An … is characterized by rising prices within a certain period of time.

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VI. Переведите письменно слова 1-5. Подберите к словам соответствующие определения.

1.socialist a) something aiming to share wealth

equally

2.vertical b) usual or typical

3.standard c) going straight up and down

4.predictable d) at a slow, unchanging rate

5.steady e) something you know will happen

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VII. Соедините части предложений (1-4) и (a-d) по смыслу.

1.In order to calculate unemployment, we need to understand

2. Economics and finance are related

3. The field of econometrics develops

4. A market, in an economic sense, is just a collection of buyers and sellers

a) but separate fields.

b) of a particular good or service.

c) how to measure the labor force.

d) mathematical data analysis tools.

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VIII. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.

The Productivity of Labor

Clearly, our standard of living depends on our opportunities to consume, and that depends on our ability to produce. The productivity of labor is the amount of goods and services produced per hour of labor input. Higher productivity makes possible a higher standard of living because it allows society to increase the consumption of goods and services, or leisure, or environmental quality, or all three.

The productivity of labor is determined by the amount of land and capital available per worker, the level of technology embodied in that capital, the skills of the workers who use it, and the creativity of its entrepreneurs. Productivity can be increased by producing more capital goods, by advancing technology through research and development, and by improving skills through education and training. Affluent societies are notable for the quantity, quality, and technological advancement of their capital goods and for the high level of skills and education of their citizens. In contrast, poor societies are marked by the paucity of both capital and skills.

The process of economic growth, a continuing increase in the standard of living that persists over decades, can only come from growth in the productivity of labor. An increase in the standard of living requires, in turn, that a society devote a portion of its economic output to research and development of new technologies, to education and training of workers, and to the production of new capital goods. This can only happen if society is willing to forgo some immediate consumption of goods and services, freeing a portion of the current output of the economy for investment in future growth.

Iх. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1.What makes possible a higher standard of living?

2.How can productivity be increased?

3.What does an increase in the standard of living require?

Вариант 6

I.Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.

1.There are a lot of designers in Paris.

2. Computer making industry is developing rapidly.

3. Without surplus goods, there were profits and saving in the 18^th century.

II. КОПРы (Simple, Continuous(Progressive), Perfect).Прочитайте предложения (1-4) и вставьте пропущенные словосочетания (a-d) в пропуски: a) has been b) works c)went d) are learning.

1.This week we ----------- all about the invoices and payments.

2.Mr.Martin -----------in purchasing.

3. Your advice ------- always ------ extremely helpful.

4. Mister Sanders---------straight to the briefing.

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III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя сравнительную степень. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.People expect quality goods to last (long) than other goods.

2. Variable costs can rise at a much (slow) rate than production.

3. If one company has a (large) share than any other, it can affect price.

IV. Вставьте в пропуски (1-4) предлоги (a-d ): a)in b) into c)for d)with.

1.Companies conduct research ----- people`s buying habits.

2.Our visitors arrive ----two hours time.

3.I”m a team-player and I get on well ------others. 4.Jane has worked -------Coca-Cola for two years.

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V. Вставьте пропущенные слова. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

a	b	c	d	e
skills	workforce	abroad	market	agencies

1.Shell and Esso are competitors in the oil -------.

2.People decide to move --------for many reasons.

3.Employment --------supply companies with different types of workers.

4.Temporary workers now make up between one and three per cent of the total----.

5.Some companies want retired people with ------- to return to work.

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VI. Переведите письменно слова 1-5. Подберите к словам соответствующие определения.

1.obliged a) unchanging

2.constant b) has to

3.willing c) important or worth money

4.static d) prepared to do

5.valuable e) immobile, not moving

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VII. Соедините части предложений (1-4) и (a-d) по смыслу.

1.Economists conclude that allowing free trade in an economy 2. Women are disproportionately responsible

3. A monopoly is simply a market with only one seller.

4. Scarcity of economic resources

a) for child-care and home duties.

b) improves welfare for society overall.

c) forces people to make tradeoffs.

d) with only one seller.

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VIII. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.

The Role of Government in the Economy

In every economy the work of different firms has to be coordinated. In a market economy this coordination is achieved by means of markets. Nevertheless the debate over the role for Government in a market economy is continuing and the issue is being widely discussed at the present time. An economy based on free enterprise is generally characterised by private ownership and initiative, with a relative absence of government involvement. However, government intervention has been found necessary from time to time to ensure that economic opportunities are fair, to dampen inflation and to stimulate growth.

Governments plays a big role in American free enterprise system. Federal, state and local government tax, regulate, and support business.

In the United States there are agencies to regulate safety, health, environment, transport, communications, trade, labour relations, and finances. Regulation ensures that business serves the best interests of the people as a whole.

Some industries- nuclear power, for instance – have been regulated more closely over the last few years than ever before. In others the trend has been towards deregulation or reduction of administrative burden on the economy.

The U.S. economy has a tradition of government intervention for specific economic purposes- including controlling inflation, limiting monopoly, protecting the consumer, providing for the poor. The government also affect the economy by controlling the money supply and the use of credit. The aim is a balanced budget.

Iх. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1.What is an economy based on free enterprise generally characterised by?

2.What do federal and local governments do?

3.In what way does the government affect the economy?

Вариант 7

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