VII Перепишите и переведите предложения. Обратите внимание на бессоюзное подчинение (см. образец 3)

1) I was sure he would come.

2) The profession you have chosen is both interesting and popular.

3) This is the man I told you about.

4) He explained to the teacher he had been sick.

VIII Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие сложноподчиненные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.

1) If they had bought the 5-th generation computers, they wouldn’t have had such problems which they face.

2) You won’t use e-mail if you don’t have Internet.

3) If you attended the lecture on Japanese supercomputers, you would know everything about them.

4) He would go to the park if he had time.

IX Прочитайте, перепишите и переведите текст письменно.

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER

The introduction of agriculture revolutionized ancient man's social, economic, and cultural potential. This was the first great step in the evolution of civilization. The more recent Industrial Revolution, vastly increasing man's productive capabilities, was the next great step and brought forth our present highly mechanized economic and interdependent social civilization.

Nowadays we have another new kind of revolution, based on machines that greatly increase man's thinking capabilities of planning, analysing, computing, and controlling. Hundreds of millions of computers are already in daily use penetrating almost all spheres of our modern society, from nuclear energy production and missile design to the processing of bank checks and medical diagnoses.

The development of mechanical calculating machines made the digital computers necessary. An ordinary arithmometer and a desk key calculator have given rise to electronic digital computers. Digital computers came into being in the first half of the 17th century. Many outstanding Russian and foreign mathematicians of the time created mechanical calculating devices.

At the end of the 1930s computing engineering began the new era. Electronic computers operating at high speed appeared, with electronic devices and units being applied.

The first electronic digital computer was developed in the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences under the guidance of S. A. Lebedev 1950. Then, in 1953 the BESM (the large-size electronic in computing machine) was designed. By means of the BESM, the system of 800 unknown values was solved in 20 hours. During the course of computation about 250 million operations were performed. A human being could solve such a problem in 300 years of continuous work.

Nowadays more contemporary computers made on the integrated circuits are commercially available. They are the computers of the third and fourth generations. Among them there are such machines as Nairi-3 made on integrated hybrid microcircuits, the Unified System (ES) of electronic computers 1022, 1033, 1045, 1055, 1066, etc., made on integrated circuits with application of advanced designing technological achievements.

A major advance in the development of computer technology was the creation of microprocessors and microcomputers. The tiny computing devices are able to control complex operations. Our industry has already started mass production of microprocessors and microcomputers which will be soon of vital help to men everywhere.

X Ответьте на вопросы

1) When did electronic computers appear?

2) What was a major advance in the development of computer technology?

XI Составьте аннотацию к прочитанному тексту с использованием клише (из приложения).

Вариант 2

I Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец 1). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) This article is much spoken about.

2) The houses had been built by April.

3) Pascal was proposed and defined in 1971.

4) Basic was developed in 1965 and stands for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.

II Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов that, it, one (см. образец 2).

1) One never knows what he can do.

2) The work of the new device is much more efficient than that of the old one.

3) It is winter.

4) It was clear that something had happened.

III Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, имея в виду различные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1) The teacher is to come at five.

2) I have to buy another newspaper.

3) Did they come yesterday?

4) Had the letter been translated?

IV Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая функцию инфинитива в предложении. Помните, что в функции определения инфинитив переводится придаточным предложением с союзом который.

1) To use a modern multifunctional computer for our work is very significant from my point of view.

2) She seems to be writing e-mail to her friend.

3) They left a message to let us know the way the meeting should be organized.

4) How to solve this problem is not clear.

V Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что субъектный и объектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1) They want the “second-generation” version of the 8008 to be used as it executes instructions faster.

2) This microprocessor is reported to have many advantages.

3) This professor’s lectures on microprocessor and microprogramming are considered to be interesting.

4) I know them to be repairing my computer.

VI Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов.

1) Too many personal computers being used for many purposes, too many scientists decided to improve their characteristics.

2) Having used buble memory he understood that it was faster than floppy disks.

3) The disks made of metal provide a very large density in comparison with other devices.

4) Having looked through all the documents and letters received that day he called his secretary.

VII Перепишите и переведите предложения. Обратите внимание на бессоюзное подчинение (см. образец 3)

1) The report he has just delivered is of great importance.

2) All programs may be divided into different types according to the service they are intended for.

3) The supercomputer our lecturer is speaking of is in the computing center.

4) I am sure she will come.

1) If you had worked in the Computer shop, you would have known everything about the latest model of computer.

2) If he bought this device, he would easily use it.

3) You won’t become an engineer if you don’t study at the University.

4) If you worked overtime, we might save enough for our summer holiday.

IX Прочитайте, перепишите и переведите текст письменно.

The 8088’s family

The Intel 8088, introduced in 1972, was the first commercial 8-bit microprocessor, and is still considered to be the “first-generation” 8-bit microprocessor. Designed with a calculator like architecture, the 8008 had an accumulator, six scratchpad registers, a special address register for temporary storage, eight address registers, and special instructions to perform input and output. In 1973, Intel introduced a “second-generation” version of the 8008, and named it the 8080. The 8080 is essentially an improved 8008, and has more addressing and I/O capability, more instructions and executes instructions faster.

By 1976 advances in technology allowed Intel to produce an enhanced version of the 8080, called the 8085. By the time the 8085 was introduced, Intel had lots of competitioners in the 8-bit microprocessor marketplace. And that is why in 1978 Intel introduced the 8086, a 16-bit microprocessor that could process data ten times as fast as the 8080.

The 8086, the “third-generation” microprocessor, is software-compatible with the 8080 at the assembly language level, which means that with some minimal translation, existing 8080 programs can be reassembled and executed on the 8086.

Realizing that many designers will want to use the cheaper 8-bit support and peripheral chips in their 16-bit systems, Intel produced a version of the 8086 with the same 16-bit internal data paths, the 8088. This microprocessor is identical to the 8086, except the 8088 takes more time to make 16-bit transfers because it must perform them with two separate 8-bit transfers.

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