Exercise 32, p. 282: Open the brackets, using the correct form of the link-verb.

1. You (look) ill lately! What's wrong with you? 2. The weather (get) colder and colder. Winter is coming. 3. She nearly (go) mad when she learned the sad news. 4. I don't know why he always (turn) red, when her name is mentioned. 5. I (feel) unwell since this bad fall of mine. 6. As time went by he (grow) more and more worried. 7. Autumn is not around the corner. The leaves and grass (turn) red and yellow. 8. If you don't put the meat into the refrigerator immediately, it (go) bad in no time. 9. The work (seem) easy only before you try it. 10. Coleman's blood (run) cold when he heard Rino say: "...as mad as Barney's Joe." 11. When you (become) a teacher, you will see for yourself what a difficult job it is. 12. When he returned home after the war, the first thing he noticed about his mother was that her hair (grow) com­pletely grey. 13. It (grow) dark when we returned home. 14. The plan (not sound) very reasonable. 15. The women (fall) silent remembering the sad moment. 16. They had a bad accident but he (remain) unhurt.

 

Exercise 33, p. 283: Answer the following questions, using the link-verbs given in brackets.

 

1. Why has he put on a warm coat? (become cold). 2. Why does she look older than her age? (grow grey). 3. Why did they decide to cut off this tree? (grow tall; dark in the room). 4. Why was he taken to hospital so suddenly? (fall ill). 5. Why have you switched on the light? (get dark). 6. Why don't you want to speak to her now? (look tired). 7. Why can't you wear the black suit? (get small). 8. Why doesn't he look at us? (feel ashamed). 9. What makes you think he is displeased? (sound angry). 10. Why doesn't she wear this hat? (look ugly). 11. Why can't we touch these flowers? (look beautiful; be harmful). 12. Why does the wood look so beautiful in autumn? (turn red, yellow; remain green).

 

Exercise 34, p. 283: Choose the right link-verb from the list.

grow, remain, fall, seem, sound, go, feel, stay

 

1. The hat made him — taller. 2. It was a long time before I — asleep. 3. The letters — unanswered. 4. As he spoke, his voice — firmer. 5. He felt himself — pale. 6. His face — hot. 7. The suit — too small for him. 8. Some of the restaurants — open late on Saturday.

 

Exercise 35, p. 283: Fill in the blanks with a suitable link-verb.

 

1.Suddenly he felt that he was — red for no reason at all. 2. I am sure he will — an artist, he is so fond of painting. 3. Has she— ill? What's wrong with her? 4. Don't speak to her now, she — angry. I'm sure it's the wrong moment. 5. Water the flowers before it has — completely dark. 6. It is — colder and colder. Winter will be here in no time. 7. The days are — longer. It's no longer dark at eight o'clock in the morning. 8. I think one reason why the room is dark is that tree. It's — too tall. It's — really big. 9. You — rather tired this morning. Are you feeling well? 10. What does he think he is doing? He's — wrong. That's what it is.

 

Exercise 36, p. 283: Translate the following sentences, using suitable link-verbs.

 

1. Мы разведем костер, когда совсем стемнеет. 2. Он чувствовал себя пристыженным и не знал, что сказать. 3. Он только кажется безобидным, а на самом деле он тяжелый человек. 4. Все в деревне знали, что он очень болен, но никто не знал, как ему помочь. 5. Когда он начал кричать на нее, она побледнела. Она не могла понять, что с ним случилось. 6. Он очень похож на своего отца. 7. По мере того как мы поднимались в гору, дорога становилась все опаснее. 8. Он промолчал весь вечер и выглядел печальным. 9. У него был действительно смешной вид в этом костюме, и не удивительно, что он привлекал всеобщее внимание. 10. Идея нам показалась очень разумной. 11. Мы не могли понять, почему у нее был такой испуганный вид. 12. Они подружились сразу и остались друзьями на всю жизнь.

 

Modаl Verbs and Their Equivalents

Must, Can and May

 

Exercise 19, p. 139: Study the following chart.

Modal verb	Meaning	Examples
must must not (=mustn't)	duty, obligation necessity order	We must study hard. I must buy some bread. You must go there at once.
	prohibition	You mustn't smoke here.
Can Cannot (=can’t) Could Could not (= couldn’t)	Ability Capability   Permission     prohibition	I can run very fast. He could walk miles and miles when he was young. We can speak English.   Can I have a cup of coffee? You can come at any time. You can’t cross the street here.
May	Permission   Request Prohibition (very sharp)	You may speak to him now. May I smoke here? You may not take books away form the reading hall.
may not (= mayn’t) might might not (=mightn’t)		He said (that) I might come to see you any time before lunch.

 

Exercise 20, p. 140: Practise answers to the following questions according to the model.

Model 1: Must I go there by an early train? (take the 10: 30)

1. (a) Yes, you must. (b) I am afraid, you must.

2. No, you needn't. You may take the 10: 30.

 

1.Must I make up my mind today? (give the answer tomorrow). 2. Must he explain to them how to use this machine? (read the instructions). 3. Must I take your advice? (do as you please). 4. Must they stay after classes? (go home). 5. Must I take all my things now? (leave behind what you don't need). 6. Must she pay all the money now? (pay only part of the sum). 7. Must I let them know at once? (tomorrow). 8. Must I go to him to discuss the arrangements? (phone).

 

Model 21: May I wait for him here?

1. (A) Yes, you may. (b) All right, of course, you may (can).

2. (a) No, you can't, (b) I am afraid you can't.

 

1.May I smoke here? 2. May he take his examination in English before the 1st of June? 3. May we try another method? 4. May we take the delegation about the town now? 5. May I cross the street here? 6. May I take this seat? 7. May we call on you a bit later? 8. May I join you?

 

Model 3: Peter can speak English and what about you?

(a) I can speak English too.

(b) I can't. I can't speak English (at all).

 

1. He can run very fast, and what about you? 2. They can translate political articles without a dictionary, and what about you? 3. I can shoot very well, and what about you? 4. She can read very fast, and what about them? 5. I can work anywhere, and what about you? 6. I can come very early, and what about them?

 

Exercise 21, p. 141: Fill in the blanks with 'can' ('could'), 'must', 'may' ('might'). Make use of the suggestions in brackets.

 

1. — I get a job at your office? (possibility). 2. — I think the question over? (request). 3. You — not argue with her. (prohibition). 4. I — not make him agree to our plan. (inability). 5. He — tell you about the new director. He knows him well enough. (ability). 6. We — help each other. (obligation). 7.1 asked the hotel service if I — have a cup of coffee in my room. (possibility). 8. You — use my scooter when­ever you like. I don't need it now. (permission). 9. I — sell my bicycle, I need money badly. (necessity). 10. Passengers — not walk across the railway line. (prohibition). 11. All the students — study hard. (duty). 12. She asked if she — call on you a bit later. (request).

 

Exercise 22, p. 141: Translate the following sentences.

 

1. Все студенты должны сдать курсовые работы до 1-го апреля. 2. Я не могу ей верить. Она слишком часто говорит неправду. 3. Вы не должны здесь курить. Здесь дети. 4. Он может читать любую литературу на английском языке. 5. — Можно нам присоединиться к вам в этой поездке? — (i) Конечно. (ii) Боюсь, что это невозможно. 6. Вы можете пользоваться моей библиотекой. 7. — Он должен послать ей телеграмму сегодня? — (i) Да. (ii) Нет. Он может послать ее завтра. 8. Мы все обговорили и теперь можем идти. 9. Я не могу обойтись без их совета. 10. Вы должны сдавать письменные работы вовремя.

 

Have to1

 

Exercise 23, p. 141: Study the following chart.

 

	He has	To get up early
necessity	Do you often have	To go to town?
Duty	You don’t have	To come on Sundays.
Obligation	I shall have	To go to the doctor.
Absence of necessity	He had	To wait for you nearly and hour.
	Did she have	To help her younger brother?

 

Exercise 24, p. 142: Ask questions indicated in the brackets.

 

1.He has to watch his diet. (why) 2. After the operation he had to stay in hospital for a long time. (how long) 3. You will have to show him the way to the station. (whom) 4. We had to change trains in Kiev. (where) 5. They do not have to pay for the books at school. (why) 6. All traf­fic has to make way for a fire brigade. (for whom) 7. She has to drink this medicine without sugar. (how) 8. We didn't have to take food with us, there was a good restaurant there. (why)

 

Exercise 25, 142: Use 'not have to' for 'needn't'. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1.You needn't follow me in everything. 2. He needn't argue about it. The question is clear. 3. She needn't agree with everything he says. 4. I needn't hand in my report this week. 5. They needn't return home so early. 6. We needn't hand in our compositions today.

 

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1. Complete the following sentences, using the phraseological units given in the list below. Translate them into Russian.
2. Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.
3. Exercise 1. Define the kinds of sentences according to the purpose of the utterance.
4. Exercise 1. Look through the words and word combinations, which will help you to understand the text.
5. Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
6. Exercise 1. Turn the following nouns into adjectives.
7. Exercise 22, p. 167: Study the following chart.
8. Exercise 22, p. 217: Answer the following questions, using the Present Perfect Continuous Tense1.
9. Exercise 23, p. 16: Express the opposite idea.
10. Exercise 27, p.38: Ask questions indicated in the brackets.
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