Упр. 4. Переведите на русский, обращая внимание на время сказуемого.

1. This question is still being discussed. 2. Mary is proud. Her advisory opinion has been praised хвалить. 3. Her remark замечание was not answered. 4. Tom is happy. The information has been received through the Internet 5. The guests гости were upstairs. They were being shown the prisoners. 6. We were joined by the whole group. 7. Do you know that your voice голос is being recorded записывать? 8. A burglar alarm has been installed in the apartment. 9. The documents will have been typed before the boss returns. 10. The Cultural Revolution (1966-76) in Chine has also been cited as a cause of crime; it is said to have confused notions of right and wrong and to have destroyed respect for authority. 11. The child was greatly affected by the scene in the court. 12. When I entered the hall the people were being instructed what to do. 13. Experimental schemes have been started to enable offenders to make direct reparation to their victims, either by paying financial compensation or by undertaking some service for them. 14. How long has this man staying in jail?. 16. They realized that the evidence hadn’t been received.

Упр. 5.Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. She was sentenced to 12 months in prison for careless driving.

2. The verdict of “not guilty” on all charges has been brought by the jury.

3. My friend has been released from prison this year.

4. The woman was charged with possessing a shotgun.

5. An attempted murder must be severely punished.

6. His 10-year-old son had been killed after being knocked of his bicycle and crushed by a lorry.

Упр. 6. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в соответствующей форме:

1. The offenders who committed crimes (to punish).

2. No objections to the plan (to offer) so far, but it (not to introduce) until it (to put) to vote.

3. The indictment (to amend).

4. New witnesses (to cross-examine) by the prosecuting counsel.

Упр. 7. Составьте предложения, вставив один из подходящих глаголов (в правильной форме): “establish, proclaim, concern, achieve, serve, conduct, abolish, announce”.

1. All the felonies were punishable with death, but the capital punishment…in 1965.

2. The fusion of courts …by the Judicature Acts of 1873 and 1875.

3. The resolution … by the jury.

4. Whom …the criminal proceeding… by?

5. Some statements of a judge become effective after they …

6. Whom …the Crown court …by?

 

2 курс

UNIT 3

Prisons

 

MODAL VERBS

 

Present Indefinite	Past Indefinite	Отрица- тельная форма	Перевод	Что обозначает	эквива- ленты (синонимы)
can	could	cannot can’t could not	могу, можем, сможешь	1) физическая или умственная возможность, умение; 2) вежливая просьба	to be able (to)
may	might	may not might not	можно, возможно, могу, быть может	1) разрешение 2) предположе-ние	to be allowed (to)
must	had to	must not mustn’t need not needn’t	должен, надо	долженствование	to have (to)
to have (to) has (to)	had (to)	don’t have (to), doesn’t have (to), didn’t have (to)	приходитсявынужден, надо (было)	необходимость, вызванная обстоятельствами	-
to be (to) am is (to) are	was (to) were (to)	is not (to) was not (to)	должен, надо	необходимость совершения заранее запланированного (обусловленного) действия	-
should	-	should not shouldn’t	следует, надо	совет, желательность (субъективное мнение)	ought (to)
ought (to)	-	ought not oughtn’t	следует, надо	необходимость, обусловленная логикой вещей, моральный долг	-

Упр. 1. Пользуясь таблицей, переведите предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов:

1. He couldn’t pay his debts. 2. We will be able to finish this work in time. 3. In England and Wales a private person may institute criminal proceedings. 4. You ought to help me with these documents. 5. In the case of property, the courts have to find a balance between two principles. 6. In certain circumstances courts may also order forfeiture of property involved in the commission of crime. 7. The police may arrest a person without a warrant under the arrest scheme. 8. Court may order the confiscation of proceeds gained by a criminal from drug trafficking and this principle is to be extended to other very serious offences. 9. Now, at least ten of twelve jury members must agree before a verdict can be given.11. The prosecution should also inform the defense of witnesses whose evidence may help the accused. 12. You ought to know it. 13. I am to come at 5. 14. I’m typing the letter you had to type in the morning. 15. The public needs to be protected from a dangerous offender. 16. The defendant cannot be tried again for the same offence.

Упр. 2. Переведите, обращая внимание на различные значения двух отрицательных форм глагола must.

Отрицательная форма

They must not go there. Выражает категорическое запрещение. В переводе – нельзя, не должен. Им нельзя идти туда.

They needn’t go there. Выражает отсутствие необходимости и долженствования. В переводе – не надо, не нужно. Им не надо идти туда.

1. You mustn’t do it. 2. Peter must get a firearm certificate from the police today. 3. Customs needn’t be made by governments, and they need not be written down. 4. We must not stay here long. 5. Children must not smoke. 6. You needn’t get a part-time job. 7. You needn’t call the police. 8. You mustn’t drink alcohol in public.

Упр. 3. Поставьте частицу to перед инфинитивами после модальных глаголов, где необходимо.

I can … see; he ought … know; he will be able … change; he was allowed … speak; I may … arrive; he could … go; I must … do; he has … ask; they are … defend; they have … defend; he should … help; we had … build; they may … build; they were allowed.. answer; he will be able … make; he has … arrive; she must … change; you will be able … get; they should … tell; they ought … tell the truth.

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3. I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите, является ли подчеркнутая форма инфинитивом, причастием или герундием. Переведите письменно предложения на русский язык.
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