Напишите предложения в пассивном залоге.

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1) The letters / type/ yet.

2) The politician / interview/ now.

3) The telephone / invent/ Alexander Bell.

4) His flat/ burgle/ last night.

5) The conference/ open/ before we arrived.

6) The manager/ inform/ yet.

7) The goods/ ship/ now.

8) The prizes/ award/ President/ tomorrow.

9) Tea/ grow/ India.

10) The prisoners / take/ to prison/ now.

Раскройте скобки в следующих предложениях.

1) Participants of the forum (welcome) by the President.

2) The investors' attention (focus) on global problems at the conference yesterday.

3) Beverages no stronger than wine (allow) on the grounds of LenExpo this year.

4) He noted that the suit (accept) by the court.

5) Kremlin (manage) currently by the Federal Property Management Agency.

6) Its status (confirm) by the President when he took his office in 2008.

7) The Rurik dynasty (succeed) by the House of Romanov.

8) Russia (rule) by the Romanovs who (relate) to the Rurik dynasty until the end of the monarchy in 1917.

9) At the moment access to numerous buildings (limit) because they (use) by the officials.

10) The next hearing (schedule) for August.

Преобразуйте следующие предложения в вопросительные и отрицательные.

1) You'll be informed about the agenda later.

2) He was asked about his opinion of the new trends in the economy of the country.

3) Some 400, 000 people have been displaced by ethnic violence in Southern Kyrgyzstan.

4) 300, 000 people have been driven from their homes.

5) Many people were killed in the clash.

6) A lot of houses have been destroyed by the earthquake.

7) Her decisions are based not on laws but on her personal likes and dislikes.

8) All adoptions through unaccredited middlemen will be banned.

9) Some 1, 800 children were adopted in the USA last year.

10) Ten young men were arrested on hate crimes on Thursday.

11) The crime of which they were accused is the murder of a student from Ghana.

12) The nationalist group is being accused of being behind a series of similar hate crimes.

13) 18 people have been killed in racist and xenophobic crimes this year.

14) Many Uzbeks say they had been prevented from returning home by the authorities.

15) The man was questioned by the authorities when he flew into Farnborough Airport near London.

Преобразуйте следующие предложения в вопросительные и отрицательные.

1) The Federal Customs Service of Russia is composed of 7 regional customs administrations.

2) Northwest Customs Administration was founded in 1990.

3) The Federal Customs Administration is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

4) A U.S. diplomat was being investigated on suspicion of trying to smuggle rare Soviet posters.

5) The diplomat was allowed to fly out of Russia, but the posters were confiscated.

6) Actions are focused on improving training for the staff.

7) 1600 million tons of cargo is transported by sea and 8 million tons of cargo is transported by air.

8). Non-intrusive inspection equipment is being deployed at border crossings.

9) Drug precursors are used to manufacture illicit drugs.

10) A new legal arsenal has been put in place in the EU with the entry into force of a set of new regulations.

Переделайте следующие предложения, употребив глагол в пассиве.

1) They will show the visitors new buildings.

2) They have given him all the necessary information.

3) The management offered the man the job.

4) The employers usually pay different amounts of money to men and women.

5) The Head of the corporation showed us some of the new equipment.

6) They have sent us a copy of the letter.

7) The administration is promising the women an increase in their earnings.

8) Their colleagues told them the news.

9) The engineer have given them all the required instructions.

10) They elected him chairman of the committee.

6. Переделайте следующие предложения по образцу:

People say that he is a promising politician. > It is said that he is a promising politician.

1) The Press secretary says that the delegation will arrive on Sunday.

2) The politicians say that the crisis will be over soon.

3) People believe that the situation will have changed by 2012.

4) Police suppose that the men are hiding in the mountains.

5) Our correspondent reports that union leaders have agreed on joint actions.

6) People fear that drastic measures will be taken.

7) Some people believe that it is useless to save money.

8) Some people consider that taxation is not necessary in modern state.

9) The government spokesman acknowledged that there had been a wide-spread of unrest in the region.

10) Some businessmen claim that taxes on income are too high.

11) Journalists have reported that the meeting was fruitful.

12) People expect him to win the elections.

13) Everyone knows that the statement was untrue.

14) Many people believe that the climate is changing.

15) Everyone knows that he has been in prison.

16) They claim that the crime is being investigated by the police.

7. Вставьте " by" или with".

1) The window was broke.... a hammer.

2) He was knocked down... a car.

3) The man was shot... a rifle.

4) The decision was made... the manager.

5) The city centre was attacked... a mob.

6) New measures against the crime will be introduced... the government.

7) My passport was checked... the customs officer.

8) The dish was made...carrots and cauliflower.

9) The film was directed by Sidney Pollack.

10) He was hit... stones.

Преобразуйте следующие предложения, используя пассивный залог.

1) Scientists might discover a cure for cancer.

2) Someone should help the old woman across the street.

3) They might have arrested the escaped prisoner.

4) They should have provided the refugees with shelter.

5) They ought to warn the public about the coming crisis.

6) They should build more bus lanes.

7) They could have sent us the answer yesterday.

8) Somebody must tell them about the lay offs.

9) They must introduce new approaches in their policy.

10) They may have repaired the telephone.

Преобразуйте пассивный залог в активный.

1) Many animals continue to be killed in the world.

2) A new fitness centre has been opened in our district recently.

3) A lot of houses have been re-constructed in the city.

4) Contracts for more than 50 billion dollars were signed by the City Hall last year.

5) A consensus has been achieved at the forum.

6) The construction of the tunnel has been delayed for years.

7) This project is long waited for.

8) Five people have been detained by the police.

9) Taxes and barriers to foreign capital will be reduced to attract " investment boom".

10)A friendlier foreign policy is being adopted by the Kremlin.

Переведите на английский язык, используя пассивный залог.

1) Любой конкурс требует победителей

2) Президент сообщил, что со следующего года отменяется налог на прибыль для организаций, предоставляющих услуги образования и здравоохранения.

3) По мнению многих, результат этих мер будет ощутим уже через 5-6 лет.

4) Такие меры создадут новые рабочие места.

5) Количество пользователей интернета будет увеличено за несколько лет.

6) Когда-то мобильные телефоны передавали только голос.

7) Теперь с их помощью можно обмениваться текстами и картинками.

8) Пока что многодетным семьям предоставляют недостаточно льгот.

9)Труд осужденных во время отбывания наказания в колонии включается в трудовой стаж.

10) В законодательство были внесены изменения.

11) Абитуриенты будут выбирать технические специальности.

12) Несколько столетий назад первопроходцы прирастили к нашему государству богатейшие земли за Уральскими горами.

13) В Сочи идет стройка олимпийских объектов.

14) Российский газ удовлетворяет потребности в газе и России, и Европы.

15) Считается, что наши ресурсы неисчерпаемы.

Переведите на русский язык.

1) The security concern was elevated after the events of September 11, 2001.

2) New procedures are being introduced and additional safety measures are being prepared

and implemented by customs administrations.

3) Customs is well positioned to control the goods at the time of importation.

4) Customs must ensure that goods that were imported for other than home consumption are not diverted to such consumption.

5) Trade facilitation should be incorporated into multilateral trade negotiations.

6) A wide range of new approaches, systems, procedures and operating methods will have to be developed.

7) Often, customs is not provided with the technological resources to facilitate and secure international supply chains.

8) Customs staff are recruited young and often trained in paramilitary fashion.

9) The skills of classifying goods, determining value and country of origin, and applying proper procedures for processing merchandise are needed by customs.

10) Clearance of goods is affected by factors such as the quality of port facilities and the multitude of organizations and handoffs involved in transactions.

Переведите на русский язык.

1) Many diverse personnel and labor relations activities may be subsumed under several human resource policy areas.

2) It has been argued that the developmental imperative for all human beings is to move from dependence.

3) In Japan employee compliance with hierarchical control was supported by Chinese Confucianism, in which family hierarchy and responsibility to groups are emphasized.

4) In many European countries elected workers councils are given certain governance powers -

ranging from the right to be informed to the power of codetermination - over the workplace.

5) In West Germany employees sit as representatives on permanent work councils

that are granted legally defined rights.

6) These governance models are to be followed by other companies.

7) The degree of influence of the mechanism for employee participation is determined by legislation.

8) Management's influence is affected by business knowledge and decision making skills.

9) The recruitment should not be looked at only from the point of view of its impact

on the cost of effectiveness and congruence.

10) Once employees have been recruited, their flow through the organization must be managed

so that their competence is developed to meet corporate needs.

Переведите на русский язык.

1) A total of 2 million rubles are appropriated in the Moscow budget this year to subsidize small business startups.

2) The problem of brain drain is now recognized as an acute economic vulnerability.

3) $10, 4 billion will be invested in nanotechnology ventures this year.

4) Independent economists were skeptical that companies could be pushed into creativity.

5) Mr. Kudrin said that government purchasing laws would be changed.

6) New requirements will be imposed on state-controlled companies.

7) An average of 50 people are murdered every day among a population of 48.8 million in South Africa.

8) Thabo Mbeki was removed by his political party as the South African president in September.

9) If a shareholder accumulates a significant stake in the company and decides to sell it, the issue must be discussed among the board of directors.

10) The plan has been interrupted by the crisis.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES.

ТИП	If-clause (hypothesis) Придаточное предложение. Условие.	Main clause (result) Главное предложение. Результат.	Употребление
Тип I Реальное условие. Настоящее	If+ любая форма настоящего времени (Present Simple, Present Continuous or Present Perfect)	Future / Imperative Can/ may/ might/ should + bare Infinitive Present Simple	Реальная или вполне вероятная ситуация в настоящем или будущем
	If you finish work early If you have finished your coffee If you are ill If you burn yourself	We’ll go for a walk We can pay the bill See a doctor It hurts	Если ты закончишь работу рано, мы пойдем погуляем.
Тип II Нереальное условие. Настоящее.	If+ Past Simple Or Past Continuous	Would/ could/ might + bare Infinitive	Не соответствующая действительности; а также когда мы даем совет
	If I had money If I were you	I would travel around the world I would take an umbrella	Если бы у меня были деньги, я бы объездил весь свет.
Тип III Нереальное условие. Прошлое	If+ Past Perfect Or Past Perfect Continuous	Would/ could/ might + have + past participle	Воображаемая ситуация, не соответствующая тому, что было в прошлом; а также, когда мы сожалеем о том, что произошло, или критикуем кого-либо
	If we hadn’t left so early If he had been stealing the money	We would have missed the plane He would have behaved differently.	Если бы мы не вышли рано, мы бы опоздали на самолет.
Смешанный тип	Тип II: If they were playing all day (They were playing all day, Воображаемое условие	Тип I: They will be tired out now. So they are tired out now) Реальный результат	Если они весь день играли, они сейчас уставшие.
	Тип II: If I were you (You are not me Воображаемое условие в настоящем	Тип III: I would have invited her. So you didn’t invite her.) Воображаемое действие в прошлом	На твоем месте, я бы ее пригласила тогда.
	Тип III: If she had saved her money Воображаемое условие в прошлом (She didn’t save her money	Тип II: She would be going on holiday. So she isn’t going on holiday) Нереальная ситуация в настоящем	Если бы она накопила денег, она бы отправилась теперь в путешествие.

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